Cai Hongliang, Stoner Chad, Reddy Anita, Freiwald Sascha, Smith Danielle, Winters Roger, Stankovic Charles, Surendran Narayanan
Discovery-ADME Technology, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
Int J Pharm. 2006 Feb 3;308(1-2):133-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.11.002. Epub 2005 Dec 13.
PK express module is a physiologically based model of first pass metabolism, which integrates in vitro data with an in silico physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to predict human bioavailability (F(H)). There are three required inputs: FDp (Fraction dose absorbed, final parameter from iDEA absorption module), protein binding (fu) and disappearance kinetics in human hepatocytes. Caco-2 permeability, aqueous solubility (at multiple pH's), estimated dose and chemical structure are inputs required for the estimation of FDp (Norris et al., 2000; Stoner et al., 2004) and were determined for all compounds in our laboratory or obtained from literature. Protein binding data was collected from literature references and/or Pfizer database. Human hepatocyte data was generated in-house using an automated human hepatocyte method (using Tecan Genesis Workstation) as described previously (). Sixteen compounds (commercial and Pfizer compounds) were chosen to evaluate the PK express model and the bioavailability predicted from the module was compared with known clinical endpoints. For majority of the 16 compounds (approximately 80%), the PK express model F(H) values were comparable to the known human bioavailability (F(H)) (within 23.7 units of the known human (true) F, except for PF 3, PF 4, PF 6). In conclusion, the PK express model integrates a number of key readily available discovery parameters and provides estimates of human performance by integrating in silico and experimental variables built on a physiological based pharmacokinetic model. Information from this model in conjunction with other ADME data (e.g., P450 inhibition) will enable progression of most promising compounds for further in vivo PK and/or efficacy studies.
PK Express模块是一种基于生理学的首过代谢模型,它将体外数据与基于计算机模拟的生理学药代动力学(PBPK)模型相结合,以预测人体生物利用度(F(H))。该模型有三个必需的输入参数:FDp(吸收剂量分数,iDEA吸收模块的最终参数)、蛋白结合率(fu)和人肝细胞中的消除动力学。Caco-2通透性、水溶性(在多个pH值下)、估计剂量和化学结构是估算FDp所需的输入参数(Norris等人,2000年;Stoner等人,2004年),这些参数在我们实验室针对所有化合物进行了测定,或从文献中获取。蛋白结合数据从文献参考文献和/或辉瑞数据库中收集。人肝细胞数据是使用如前所述的自动化人肝细胞方法(使用Tecan Genesis工作站)在内部生成的。选择了16种化合物(市售化合物和辉瑞化合物)来评估PK Express模型,并将该模块预测的生物利用度与已知的临床终点进行比较。对于这16种化合物中的大多数(约80%),PK Express模型的F(H)值与已知的人体生物利用度(F(H))相当(除PF 3、PF 4、PF 6外,在已知人体(真实)F值的23.7个单位范围内)。总之,PK Express模型整合了许多关键的易于获得的发现参数,并通过整合基于生理学药代动力学模型的计算机模拟和实验变量来提供人体性能的估计值。该模型的信息与其他ADME数据(如P450抑制)相结合,将能够推进最有前景的化合物进行进一步的体内药代动力学和/或疗效研究。
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