Lambert G
Centre Cavaillès de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, 29 Rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.
Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2005 Dec 16;51(8):789-95.
Changes of scientific paradigms happen with the emergence of new theories, like the cell theory in the 19th century. These new conceptions are the result of a collective work occurring over decades or centuries. Scientists who participate in these important mutations are fully in tune with their time, even when they are considered precursors, and it is always difficult to judge how far they were right and how far they were wrong.
科学范式的转变伴随着新理论的出现而发生,比如19世纪的细胞学说。这些新观念是数十年甚至数百年集体研究的成果。参与这些重大变革的科学家们完全与他们所处的时代合拍,即便他们被视为先驱时也是如此,而且总是很难判断他们的正确程度和错误程度。