Nieuwenstein Mark R, Chun Marvin M, van der Lubbe Rob H J, Hooge Ignace T C
Department of Psychonomics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2005 Dec;31(6):1463-75. doi: 10.1037/0096-1523.31.6.1463.
Observers often miss the 2nd of 2 visual targets (first target [T1] and second target [T2]) when these targets are presented closely in time; the attentional blink (AB). The authors hypothesized that the AB occurs because the attentional response to T2 is delayed by T1 processing, causing T2 to lose a competition for attention to the item that follows it. The authors investigated this hypothesis by determining whether the AB is attenuated when T2 is precued. The results from 4 experiments showed that the duration and magnitude of the AB were substantially reduced when T2 was precued. The observed improvement in T2 report did not occur at the expense of T1 report, suggesting that processing of T1 was already completed or was at least protected when the cue was presented. The authors conclude that, during the AB, there is a delay between detection and the selection of target candidates for consolidation in short-term memory.
当两个视觉目标（第一个目标 [T1] 和第二个目标 [T2]）在时间上紧密呈现时，观察者常常会错过第二个目标；这就是注意瞬脱（AB）现象。作者推测，注意瞬脱的发生是因为对 T2 的注意反应被 T1 的加工所延迟，导致 T2 在与跟随其后项目的注意竞争中落败。作者通过确定当 T2 被预先提示时注意瞬脱是否减弱来研究这一假设。4 个实验的结果表明，当 T2 被预先提示时，注意瞬脱的持续时间和强度大幅降低。观察到的 T2 报告的改善并非以牺牲 T1 报告为代价，这表明当提示出现时，T1 的加工已经完成或至少得到了保护。作者得出结论，在注意瞬脱期间，从检测到选择用于短期记忆巩固的目标候选对象之间存在延迟。
