Hanna Louise, Adams Malcolm
Clinical Oncology Department, Velindre Hospital, Velindre Road, Whitchurch, Cardiff CF14 2TL, UK.
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2006 Apr;20(2):339-62. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2005.10.016. Epub 2005 Dec 20.
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynaecological malignancy. The incidence is high in the Western world. The incidence of ovarian cancer is reduced by pregnancy, lactation, the oral contraceptive pill and tubal ligation. Lifestyle factors are important in the aetiology of ovarian cancer and current evidence suggests the risk can be reduced by eating a diet rich in fruit and vegetables, taking regular exercise, avoiding smoking, avoiding being overweight and avoiding long-term use of hormonal replacement therapy (HRT). Familial ovarian cancer is responsible for about 10% of ovarian cancer cases. Strategies available to high-risk women include screening (covered elsewhere) and prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy. The precise role of chemoprevention for high-risk women in the form of the oral contraceptive pill is unclear.
卵巢癌是妇科恶性肿瘤致死的主要原因。在西方世界，其发病率较高。怀孕、哺乳、口服避孕药和输卵管结扎可降低卵巢癌的发病率。生活方式因素在卵巢癌病因中很重要，目前证据表明，通过食用富含水果和蔬菜的饮食、定期锻炼、避免吸烟、避免超重以及避免长期使用激素替代疗法（HRT），可降低患病风险。家族性卵巢癌约占卵巢癌病例的10%。高危女性可采用的策略包括筛查（在其他地方讨论）和预防性输卵管卵巢切除术。口服避孕药形式的化学预防对高危女性的确切作用尚不清楚。
