关于在流行病学研究中提高经口摄入消毒副产物暴露量准确性的考量因素。
Considerations for improving the accuracy of exposure to disinfection by-products by ingestion in epidemiologic studies.
作者信息
Weinberg Howard S, Pereira Vanessa R P J, Singer Philip C, Savitz David A
机构信息
Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, School of Public Health, Rosenau Hall, South Columbia St., Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7431, USA.
出版信息
Sci Total Environ. 2006 Jan 15;354(1):35-42. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.12.016.
Disinfection by-product (DBP) exposure characterization studies are often based on the analysis of a limited number of samples collected from a distribution system (DS) in which DBP levels are variable over time and space. A compositing technique was developed to simplify the sample collection procedures for integrating over temporal variations in DBPs measured in terms of trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), and total organic halogen (TOX). Over the course of 5 days analysis, the single composited sample was within 94-100% of the average THM concentration in all grab samples, 92-105% of HAAs, and 130% of the TOX concentration. Additionally, temporal variability factors such as timing of sample collection and the handling of tap water prior to consumption were found to influence DBP levels in consumers' drinking water. Included in our study of home water use are the effects of boiling which removed up to 98% of THMs and point of use (POU) devices which all showed DBP removal but differed depending on the device used. These factors should be taken into consideration in DBP exposure characterization for epidemiologic studies.
消毒副产物（DBP）暴露特征研究通常基于对从配水系统（DS）中采集的有限数量样本的分析，而在该系统中，DBP水平会随时间和空间变化。开发了一种混合技术，以简化样本采集程序，从而整合以三卤甲烷（THMs）、卤乙酸（HAAs）和总有机卤（TOX）衡量的DBP的时间变化。在为期5天的分析过程中，单个混合样本的THM浓度在所有瞬时样本平均浓度的94 - 100%范围内，HAA浓度在92 - 105%范围内，TOX浓度在130%范围内。此外，发现诸如样本采集时间和消费前自来水处理等时间变化因素会影响消费者饮用水中的DBP水平。我们对家庭用水的研究包括煮沸的影响（可去除高达98%的THMs）以及使用点（POU）设备的影响，所有这些设备都显示出对DBP的去除效果，但因使用的设备不同而有所差异。在进行流行病学研究的DBP暴露特征描述时，应考虑这些因素。
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