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先天性构音障碍患者的言语短期记忆:新的实证数据及文献综述

Verbal short-term memory in individuals with congenital articulatory disorders: new empirical data and review of the literature.

作者信息

Carlesimo G A, Galloni F, Bonanni R, Sabbadini M

机构信息

Clinica Neurologica, Università Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy.

出版信息

J Intellect Disabil Res. 2006 Feb;50(Pt 2):81-91. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00725.x.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

To investigate the nature of the articulatory rehearsal mechanism of the Articulatory Loop in Baddeley's Working Memory model, it seems particularly important to study individuals who developed a deficit (dysarthria) or total abolition (anarthria) of the ability to articulate language following a cerebral lesion.

METHOD

In this study, a forced-choice recognition procedure for word sequences of increasing length was used to evaluate verbal short-term memory in nine individuals with severe congenital motor and verbal disabilities (seven anarthric and two severely dysarthric) and associated intellectual disability (ID) and 30 normal children of comparable mental age.

RESULTS

The normal children exhibited classical phonological similarity effects (better performance on acoustically dissimilar than on similar word lists), word length (greater accuracy on two-syllable than on four-syllable word lists) and frequency of occurrence (an advantage of high-frequency over low-frequency words). Instead, all of these effects were lacking in the experimental group.

CONCLUSIONS

These data suggest that persons with congenital anarthria/dysarthria and ID present defective maturation at many levels of the Articulatory Loop and reduced contribution of semantic-lexical processing in the temporary retention of phonological sequences. It is likely that in these individuals both communicative deficits and ID play a role in the impaired development of verbal short-term memory abilities.

摘要

背景

为了研究巴德利工作记忆模型中语音回路的发音复述机制的本质,研究因脑损伤导致语言表达能力出现缺陷(构音障碍)或完全丧失(完全性失语)的个体似乎尤为重要。

方法

在本研究中,采用对长度不断增加的单词序列进行强制选择识别的程序,来评估9名患有严重先天性运动和语言障碍(7名完全性失语和2名严重构音障碍)及相关智力障碍(ID)的个体,以及30名心理年龄相当的正常儿童的言语短期记忆。

结果

正常儿童表现出典型的语音相似性效应(在语音不相似的单词列表上的表现优于相似的单词列表)、单词长度效应(在双音节单词列表上的准确性高于四音节单词列表)和出现频率效应(高频词优于低频词)。相反,实验组缺乏所有这些效应。

结论

这些数据表明,患有先天性完全性失语/构音障碍和智力障碍的个体在语音回路的多个层面存在成熟缺陷,并且在语音序列的临时保留中语义-词汇加工的贡献减少。在这些个体中,沟通缺陷和智力障碍可能都对言语短期记忆能力的受损发展起到作用。

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