CXCL16 is elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid versus serum and in inflammatory conditions with suspected and proved central nervous system involvement.

In neuro-inflammatory diseases, activated T cells are thought to drive the inflammatory process. In this study, we investigated the potential role of three T cell attracting chemokines (CK) in neuro-inflammation. For this purpose, we measured levels of CXCL16, CCL17 and CCL18 in matched serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of patients with different neurological diseases. Interestingly, CXCL16 levels were significantly elevated in the CSF and were higher in inflammatory disease than in controls, whereas CCL17 and CCL18 were absent in the CSF. CCL18 was only elevated in serum of SLE patients. These data suggest that attraction of activated memory type T cells by CXCL16 might play an important role in the orchestration of immune responses in the central nervous system.