Higham Tom, Ramsey Christopher Bronk, Karavanić Ivor, Smith Fred H, Trinkaus Erik
Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, University of Oxford, 6 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3QJ, United Kingdom.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jan 17;103(3):553-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0510005103. Epub 2006 Jan 5.
The 1998/1999 direct dating of two Neandertal specimens from level G(1) of Vindija Cave in Croatia to approximately 28,000 and approximately 29,000 radiocarbon ((14)C) years ago has led to interpretations concerning the late survival of Neandertals in south-central Europe, patterns of interaction between Neandertals and in-dispersing early modern humans in Europe, and complex biocultural scenarios for the earlier phases of the Upper Paleolithic. Given improvements, particularly in sample pretreatment techniques for bone radiocarbon samples, especially ultrafiltration of collagen samples, these Vindija G(1) Neandertal fossils are redated to approximately 32,000-33,000 (14)C years ago and possibly earlier. These results and the recent redating of a number of purportedly old modern human skeletal remains in Europe to younger time periods highlight the importance of fine chronological control when studying this biocultural time period and the tenuous nature of monolithic scenarios for the establishment of modern humans and earlier phases of the Upper Paleolithic in Europe.
1998年/1999年，对克罗地亚温迪加洞穴G(1)层的两个尼安德特人标本进行直接测年，结果显示其年代约为28000和29000放射性碳（¹⁴C）年前，这引发了关于尼安德特人在欧洲中南部的晚期生存情况、尼安德特人与迁入欧洲的早期现代人类之间的互动模式以及旧石器时代晚期早期复杂生物文化场景的解读。鉴于技术改进，特别是在骨放射性碳样本的样品预处理技术方面，尤其是胶原蛋白样本超滤技术的改进，这些温迪加G(1)层的尼安德特人化石被重新测定为约32000 - 33000¹⁴C年前，甚至可能更早。这些结果以及近期欧洲一些据称年代久远的现代人类骨骼遗骸被重新测定为更年轻的年代，凸显了在研究这一生物文化时期时精确年代控制的重要性，以及关于欧洲现代人类的出现和旧石器时代晚期早期单一模式的不确定性。
