Yokono Koichi
Department of Geriatric and Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine.
Nihon Rinsho. 2006 Jan;64(1):39-44.
Both decreased insulin secretion and insulin resistance are two major factors of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in the elderly. Up to now, decreased lean body mass and relatively increased fat mass contribute to insulin resistance in the elderly. However, recent reports indicate that muscle mitochondrial function is reduced in aging, and this age-associated decline in mitochondrial function contributes to insulin resistance in the elderly. In addition, exercise intervention to IGT in the elderly is more effective to reduce in the incidence of type 2 diabetes than in younger people. Exercise seems to improve insulin resistance through mitochondrial function by activating AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK) and PPARgamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha).
胰岛素分泌减少和胰岛素抵抗都是老年人糖耐量受损（IGT）的两个主要因素。到目前为止，瘦体重减少和脂肪量相对增加导致了老年人的胰岛素抵抗。然而，最近的报告表明，衰老过程中肌肉线粒体功能会降低，而这种与年龄相关的线粒体功能下降会导致老年人的胰岛素抵抗。此外，运动干预对老年人IGT的作用在降低2型糖尿病发病率方面比年轻人更有效。运动似乎通过激活AMP激活蛋白激酶（AMPK）和PPARγ共激活因子-1α（PGC-1α），经由线粒体功能来改善胰岛素抵抗。
