Bidmos Mubarak
University of Witwatersrand, School of Anotomical Sciences, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, Gauteng 2193, South Africa.
J Clin Forensic Med. 2006 Jul;13(5):247-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jcfm.2005.11.010. Epub 2006 Jan 25.
The reconstruction of adult stature from length of limb bones is not a new concept. Population specific regression equations for stature estimation have been derived from these bones in most part of the world. Due to increased violence in major cities of the world resulting in dismemberment of the human body and skeleton, there was a need for derivation of regression equations from fragments of long bones of limbs and segments of the vertebral column. This was achieved with lower accuracies compared to intact limb bones. The calcaneus, the largest of the foot bones, has been used for sex determination in Americans, Europeans and South Africans. Its usefulness in the estimation of stature is not well documented. In this study, Fully's anatomical method was utilized in the estimation of stature of 85 complete skeletons of South Africans of European descent of known sex and age, obtained from the Raymond A Dart Collection of Human skeletons. Univariate and multivariate regression equations were derived from nine measurements of the calcaneus. Most measurements presented with significantly positive correlation with stature. The resulting standard error of estimate, which is a measure of the accuracy of the equations, compared well with the values that have been recorded for fragments of long bones; thereby making the calcaneus a reliable skeletal element in the estimation of adult stature of South Africans of European descent.
通过四肢骨骼长度重建成人身高并非新概念。世界上大部分地区都已根据这些骨骼得出了特定人群的身高估计回归方程。由于世界主要城市暴力事件增多，导致人体和骨骼被肢解，因此需要从四肢长骨碎片和脊柱节段中推导回归方程。与完整的四肢骨骼相比，这样得出的方程准确性较低。跟骨是足部最大的骨头，已被用于美国人、欧洲人和南非人的性别判定。其在身高估计方面的用途尚无充分文献记载。在本研究中，采用了富利的解剖学方法对从雷蒙德·A·达特人类骨骼收藏中获取的85具已知性别和年龄的欧洲裔南非人完整骨骼进行身高估计。从跟骨的九项测量数据中得出了单变量和多变量回归方程。大多数测量数据与身高呈显著正相关。所得的估计标准误差是衡量方程准确性的指标，与长骨碎片所记录的值相比情况良好；从而使跟骨成为估计欧洲裔南非人成人身高的可靠骨骼元素。
