Percutaneous vascular interventions in the superficial femoral artery. A review.

The superficial femoral artery (SFA) is a frequent target of atherosclerotic disease predominantly in the proximal section near the bifurcation to the deep femoral artery and in the distal section where the adductor muscles tend to compress the artery. In the past, SFA revascularization was the domain of vascular surgery (femoropopliteal and femorodistal bypasses). However, with the development of endovascular treatment and advancing techniques as well as more sophisticated stenting material and balloons, endovascular treatment is nowadays not just a treatment option but, in most cases, preferable at least as initial revascularization procedure in the treatment of peripheral artery vascular disease. In the last years, many efforts have been made to fight restenosis in revascularized artery segments after stenting and/or angioplasty. This article aims to give a review on this topic including the most recent experience with the various latest revascularization techniques such as drug eluting stents, coated stent grafts, brachytherapy, cryoplasty, cutting balloons, and drug coated balloons.