MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) provides a noninvasive method of evaluating metabolic markers of prostate cancer or healthy prostatic tissue (the metabolites choline and citrate), and is performed in conjunction with high-resolution MR anatomic imaging. Multiple studies have showed the incremental role of MRSI combined with the anatomical information provided by MRI for assessment of cancer location and extent within the prostate, staging, and cancer aggressiveness. In addition, MRSI has a potential role for pre- and post-treatment evaluation in non surgical patients. Ongoing technical developments show the potential role of MRSI for guidance of biopsies or focal treatment. Further developments - including new 3T technology - will likely provide improved spectral resolution for better prostate cancer detection and characterization.