Department of Plant Pathology, Throckmorton Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Oct;84(19):6800-4. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.19.6800.
Studies of N-banded mitotic and meiotic karyotypes of Triticum turgidum L. (2n = 28; AABB) and Triticum timopheevii Zhuk. (2n = 28; AAGG) and hybrids between them, along with observations of meiotic pairing between telocentrics of the AB-genome chromosomes and their respective homologues and homeologues in T. timopheevii, showed that chromosome 4 (m4) of Triticum monococcum L. is present (as 4A(t)) in T. timopheevii but is lacking in T. turgidum. Neither 4A nor 4B pairs with 4A(t), but 4A pairs with 4G and, for this reason and because of its banding pattern, must be considered a B-genome chromosome. T. timopheevii chromosomes 4A(t) and 3A(t) are involved in a reciprocal translocation, and 2A(t), 1G, 2G, and 5G are also involved in translocations. Chromosome arm 4BL occasionally pairs with 7G. The satellites are on the short arms of chromosomes 6A(t) and 6G of T. timopheevii and 1B and 6B of T. turgidum. It is suggested that (i) T. timopheevii orginated as an allotetraploid of Aegilops speltoides Tausch/T. monococcum and (ii) T. turgidum was derived from T. timopheevii by introgressive hybridization with an unknown diploid species, which contributed its distinctive cytoplasm, chromosome 4B or a substantial portion of it, and additional chromosome segments. Rapid fixation of 4B in T. turgidum was ensured by cytoplasm-specific transmission.
对普通小麦（2n=28；AABB）和提莫菲维小麦（2n=28；AAGG）的 N 带有丝分裂和减数分裂核型以及它们之间杂种的研究，以及观察 AB 基因组染色体的近端着丝粒与提莫菲维小麦中各自的同源物和同系物之间的减数分裂配对，表明节节麦（2n=28；AABB）的 4 号染色体（m4）存在于提莫菲维小麦（2n=28；AAGG）中（作为 4A(t)），但在普通小麦中不存在。4A 既不与 4A(t)配对，也不与 4B 配对，但 4A 与 4G 配对，因此，根据其带型，必须将其视为 B 基因组染色体。提莫菲维小麦的 4A(t)和 3A(t)染色体参与相互易位，2A(t)、1G、2G 和 5G 也参与易位。4BL 染色体臂偶尔与 7G 配对。卫星位于提莫菲维小麦的 6A(t)和 6G 以及普通小麦的 1B 和 6B 染色体的短臂上。建议：（i）提莫菲维小麦起源于粗山羊草/节节麦和普通小麦的异源四倍体，（ii）普通小麦是由与未知二倍体种的渐渗杂交形成的，该种贡献了其独特的细胞质、4B 染色体或其大部分以及额外的染色体片段。细胞质特异性传递确保了 4B 在普通小麦中的快速固定。
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