AIMS: To analyze use of triptans in the Alsace region of France: patients, disorders motivating, doses, analgesics and migraine prophylactics associated treatments, contra-indications. To study major consumers (more than 144 intakes per year) and to determine among them the proportion who suffering from chronic headache. METHOD: Data concerning all prescriptions of triptans and analgesics as well as migraine prophylaxis prescriptions were obtained from the computer databases of five of the French National Health's local health agencies in Alsace, recorded between April 1, 2003 and March 31, 2004. Data about motivating disorders and the clinical context were obtained using a questionnaire sent to prescribers. Data about patients with more than 144 intakes per year were provided by medical advisors of French Health insurance. RESULTS: We founded 20686 users: 92.1 percent used between 0 and 6 intakes per month. 11.5 percent of disorders motivating the prescription that were mentioned by prescribers were for off-label use: tension-type headache 2.7 percent, mixed headache, 8.8 percent. Prescribers declared at least one contra-indication for triptan use for 7.8 percent of patients. Over all, prescriptions were off-label for 16.1 percent of patients. Patients who used more than 144 intakes per year accounted for 1.9 percent of the total number and self-medication accounted for 19.2 percent of all triptan intakes. Half of the patients were suffering from daily chronic headache (chronic migraine in 66 percent). 15.6 percent of these patients presented at least one contraindication (high blood pressure or ischemic disease). All in all we estimate that use of triptan is a misuse for 25 percent to 30 percent of the intakes. Quantities of other analgesics used increased simultaneously with triptan use: on average 65, 119 and 244 Defined Daily Doses (DDD)/person/year for patients who used between 1 and 72, 73 and 144 and more than 144 intakes respectively. On average 35.4 percent (in DDD) of analgesics used were opiates (dextropropoxyphene, codeine, tramadol). This proportion increased simultaneously with triptan use: 58.9 percent for major users. Prophylactic treatment for migraine was used by 27.9 percent of the patients: lack of prophylaxis was a prescriber's choice in 90 percent of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: The high rate of triptan misuse emphasizes the importance of improving prescription of these drugs.