Department of Anatomy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Jan;79(2):209-12. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.2.209.
The Ramapithecinae are an extinct, mainly Miocene group of hominoids comprising the genera Sivapithecus and Gigantopithecus. Ouranopithecus and Ramapithecus are other included genera, here regarded as invalid. Cladistically, ramapithecines are hominid, although, in most aspects of their anatomy, they remain very primitive or ape-like. Miocene ramapithecines show reduced sexual dimorphism in canine size. In this respect they resemble Pliocene/Recent hominids, not extant great apes (which have highly dimorphic canines). Reduced dimorphism in canine size is an important shared derived feature indicating the hominid status of ramapithecines. Among living anthropoids, a significant association has been observed between a monogamous social structure and low canine dimorphism. This supports the inference that ramapithecines may have been monogamous.
原猴亚目是已灭绝的中上新世灵长目动物群,包括西瓦古猿属和巨猿属。还有乌干达古猿和腊玛古猿,这些被认为是无效的属。从系统发育学上看,原猴亚目是人类,尽管在它们解剖学的大多数方面仍然非常原始或类似猿类。中新世原猴类在犬齿大小上表现出性二态性降低。在这方面,它们与更新世/近代人类相似,而不是现存的大型猿类(具有高度异形的犬齿)。犬齿大小的二态性降低是一个重要的共同衍生特征,表明原猴亚目的人类地位。在现存的灵长类动物中,观察到一夫一妻制的社会结构与低犬齿二态性之间存在显著关联。这支持了原猴类可能是一夫一妻制的推断。