Department of Entomology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Oct;82(19):6371-3. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.19.6371.
Male Bombus griseocollis (Hymenoptera: Apidae) share in the brood care of nestmates by incubating pupae (usually during the first few days after they emerge as adults). Male posture during incubation of a pupa is identical to that observed for females. Pupae incubated by males were 4 degrees C-6 degrees C above the temperature of unincubated pupae. Although this increase was not as great as that caused by workers or queens, it was an important factor in warming pupae. Incubating males may benefit nestmates incidentally without lowering their own individual fitness.
雄熊蜂（膜翅目：蜜蜂科）通过孵化蛹（通常在它们成年后出现的头几天）来共同照顾巢内同伴的幼虫。雄蜂在孵化蛹时的姿势与观察到的雌性姿势相同。雄蜂孵化的蛹比未孵化的蛹温度高 4 摄氏度-6 摄氏度。虽然这种增加不如工蜂或蜂王引起的增加大，但它是使蛹变暖的一个重要因素。孵化中的雄蜂可能会偶然地使巢内同伴受益，而不会降低自己的个体适应性。
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