有证据表明，尿素肥料对土壤中种子发芽的不利影响是由于土壤脲酶通过尿素水解形成的氨。
Evidence that the adverse effect of urea fertilizer on seed germination in soil is due to ammonia formed through hydrolysis of urea by soil urease.
机构信息
Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011.
出版信息
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Nov;86(21):8185-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.21.8185.
Studies using seeds of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and corn (Zea mays L.) indicated that the adverse effect of urea fertilizer on seed germination in soil is due to ammonia formed through hydrolysis of urea by soil urease and is not due to urea itself, to urea fertilizer impurities such as biuret, or to nitrite formed by nitrification of urea nitrogen. Support for this conclusion was obtained from (i) comparison of the effects on seed germination in soil of purified urea, urea fertilizers, urea fertilizer impurities, and compounds formed by enzymatic and microbial transformations of urea in soil; (ii) studies showing that ammonia volatilized from soils treated with urea completely inhibited germination of seeds close to, but not in contact with, these soils; and (iii) experiments showing that the adverse effect of urea fertilizer on seed germination in soil was completely eliminated when the soil was autoclaved to destroy urease or was treated with phenylphosphorodiamidate to inhibit soil urease activity before treatment with urea fertilizer.
使用小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）、黑麦（Secale cereale L.）、大麦（Hordeum vulgare L.）和玉米（Zea mays L.）的种子进行的研究表明，尿素肥料对土壤中种子发芽的不利影响是由于土壤脲酶水解尿素形成的氨引起的，而不是尿素本身、尿素肥料杂质如缩二脲或尿素氮硝化形成的亚硝酸盐引起的。这一结论得到了以下几点的支持：（i）比较了纯化尿素、尿素肥料、尿素肥料杂质以及土壤中酶促和微生物转化形成的化合物对土壤中种子发芽的影响；（ii）研究表明，从施用过尿素的土壤中挥发的氨完全抑制了靠近但不接触这些土壤的种子发芽；（iii）实验表明，当土壤用高压灭菌法破坏脲酶或用苯磷酰二酰胺处理以抑制土壤脲酶活性，然后再用尿素肥料处理时，尿素肥料对土壤中种子发芽的不利影响完全消除。
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