金丝桃素及相关多环醌类色素在化石海百合中的保存。
Preservation of hypericin and related polycyclic quinone pigments in fossil crinoids.
作者信息
Wolkenstein Klaus, Gross Jürgen H, Falk Heinz, Schöler Heinz F
机构信息
Institute of Environmental Geochemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 236, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
出版信息
Proc Biol Sci. 2006 Feb 22;273(1585):451-6. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2005.3358.
The fringelite pigments, a group ofphenanthroperylene quinones discovered in purple coloured specimens of the Upper Jurassic crinoid Liliocrinus, demonstrate exceptional preservation of organic compounds in macrofossils. Here we report the finding of hypericin and related phenanthroperylene quinones in Liliocrinus munsterianus from the original 'Fringeli' locality and in the Middle Triassic crinoid Carnallicrinus carnalli. Our results show that fringelites in fact consist ofhypericin and closely related derivatives and that the stratigraphic range of phenanthroperylene quinones is much wider than previously known. The fossil occurrence of hypericin indicates a polyketide biosynthesis of hypericin-type pigments in Mesozoic crinoids analogous to similar polyketides, which occur in living crinoids. The common presence of a characteristic distribution pattern of the fossil pigments and related polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons further suggests that this assemblage is the result of a stepwise degradation of hypericin via a general diagenetic pathway.
弗林格利特色素是在上侏罗统海百合类莉莉海百合的紫色标本中发现的一组菲并苝醌，它显示出宏观化石中有机化合物的特殊保存情况。在此，我们报告在来自原始“弗林格利”产地的明斯特莉莉海百合以及中三叠世海百合卡纳尔海百合中发现了金丝桃素及相关菲并苝醌。我们的结果表明，弗林格利特色素实际上由金丝桃素及密切相关的衍生物组成，并且菲并苝醌的地层分布范围比此前所知的要广泛得多。金丝桃素在化石中的出现表明中生代海百合中金丝桃素型色素的聚酮生物合成类似于现存海百合中出现的类似聚酮。化石色素及相关多环芳烃特征分布模式的普遍存在进一步表明，这种组合是金丝桃素通过一般成岩途径逐步降解的结果。
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