Bigot Lionel, Conand Chantal, Amouroux Jean Michel, Frouin Patrick, Bruggemann Henrich, Grémare Antoine
Laboratoire d'Ecologie marine (ECOMAR), Université de La Réunion, BP 7151, 97715 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2006 Aug;52(8):865-80. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.11.021. Epub 2006 Apr 24.
Temporal changes in the composition of soft bottom macrobenthic assemblages at Reunion Island (Southwest Indian Ocean) were studied in the context of a long-term environmental monitoring programme studying the impacts of effluents of industrial sugar cane refineries that are transferred to shallow and deep coastal environments by different pathways: surface discharge and deep underground injection. Seven stations (between 20 and 160 m depth) were surveyed between 1994 and 2003 on the industrial zone. One additional station was surveyed on a reference site. Spatio-temporal changes in the composition of macrobenthic communities were assessed using several diversity indices, ABC curves, MDS and associated ANOSIM tests and biotic indices. Among the 171 taxa recorded, polychaetes were dominant (89 species), followed by crustaceans and molluscs. The analysis of spatial changes in the composition of macrobenthos showed the existence of distinct benthic communities along the depth gradient. Temporal changes in macrobenthos composition were most prominent at the shallowest station. They mainly corresponded to the decline of several initially dominant taxa and the increase of the Eunicid polychaete Diopatra cuprea. This station further showed increasing macrofaunal abundance, biomass and sediment organic content over time, concomitant with decreasing sediment grain sizes. In deeper environments, temporal changes were much smaller. Macrofaunal abundance and species richness increased progressively, suggesting a moderate impact on benthic ecosystems resulting from slight enrichments due to effluents rich in organic matter. Our results highlight an original response to disturbance pattern involving opportunistic Eunicidae species (D. cuprea) not previously described. Moreover, they allow for the comparison of the impact on macrofauna caused by industrial effluents exported by two distinct and different pathways in a tropical coastal high-energy marine environment.
在留尼汪岛（西南印度洋），结合一项长期环境监测计划，研究了软底大型底栖动物群落组成的时间变化。该监测计划旨在研究工业甘蔗精炼厂废水通过不同途径（地表排放和深层地下注入）排入浅海和深海沿海环境所产生的影响。1994年至2003年期间，对工业区的7个站点（深度在20至160米之间）进行了调查。另外在一个参考站点进行了一次调查。使用多种多样性指数、ABC曲线、MDS及相关的ANOSIM检验和生物指数，评估了大型底栖动物群落组成的时空变化。在记录的171个分类单元中，多毛类占主导地位（89种），其次是甲壳类和软体动物。大型底栖动物组成的空间变化分析表明，沿深度梯度存在不同的底栖生物群落。大型底栖动物组成的时间变化在最浅的站点最为显著。它们主要表现为几种最初占主导地位的分类单元数量减少，以及多毛纲矶沙蚕科的铜锤虫数量增加。该站点还显示，随着时间的推移，大型动物的丰度、生物量和沉积物有机含量不断增加，同时沉积物粒度减小。在更深的环境中，时间变化要小得多。大型动物的丰度和物种丰富度逐渐增加，这表明富含有机物的废水造成的轻微富集对底栖生态系统产生了适度影响。我们的研究结果突出了一种对干扰模式的原始响应，涉及以前未描述过的机会主义矶沙蚕科物种（铜锤虫）。此外，这些结果还能比较在热带沿海高能海洋环境中，由两种不同途径排放的工业废水对大型动物造成的影响。
