Orientation dependent mental representations following real-world navigation.

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the mental representations acquired from real-world navigation are encoded in a single, specific orientation. Previous research has revealed an inconsistent pattern of results. In the present study, participants explored a university campus. In two reaction-time tasks, spatial judgments were then made relative to four imagined headings within the explored environment. The main result was that one of the headings was encoded in a distinct manner: When making left-right judgments performance on this heading was generally superior by comparison with the other orientations, and when making front-back judgments the same heading was the only one in which an advantage of front over back responses was observed. The finding that the headings were not encoded equally indicates that real-world navigation can lead to orientation specific representations.