Mairesse Guillaume, Thomas Marielle, Gardeur Jean-Noël, Brun-Bellut Jean
Unité de Recherche Animal Fonctionnalité des Produits Animaux, Nancy-Université, 54000 Nancy, France.
Lipids. 2006 Mar;41(3):221-9. doi: 10.1007/s11745-006-5091-9.
The effects of season, geographic source (Lake Geneva, Rhine River), and rearing system (extensive, semiextensive, and intensive systems) on the lipid content and FA composition of fillets of Perca fluviatilis were studied. Significant differences in the total lipid content were found between fish coming from the Rhine River and Lake Geneva (1.21 and 1.48%, respectively). Seasonal effects were investigated quarterly for perch sampled in the Rhine River. Intensively reared perch displayed a higher lipid content (1.48%) than the other farmed perch, i.e., 1.26% for a semiextensive system and 1.16% for an extensive system. No significant difference in lipid content was found (i) between lacustrine fish and intensively reared fish or (ii) among fish from the Rhine River and the semiextensive or extensive rearing systems. The main FA were 22:6n-3 (DHA, 21.3-37.1% of total FA), 16:0 (17.7-20.2%), 20:5n-3 (EPA, 9.2-13.2%), 18:1 (8.0-11.5%), 20:4n-6 [arachidonic acid (ARA), 1.9-10.7%], 16:1 (4.3-6.0%), and 18:2n-6 (2.1-6.0%). In comparison with perch coming from the Rhine River, the lacustrine fish were characterized by higher total n-6 PUFA and a lower proportion of both total monounsaturated FA (MUFA) and total n-3 PUFA. Among rearing systems, extensively farmed fish had higher n-6 PUFA and lower n-3 PUFA contents. Wild fish showed higher ARA and 18:2n-6 than farmed fish. They also had significantly more EPA (12.5-13.2%) than farmed perch (9.2-10.9%). For DHA, no difference existed between (i) the lacustrine fish (31.9% of total FA) and the intensively reared fish (33.0%) and (ii) the Rhine (37.1%) and semiextensively reared fish (36%). Effects of size, diet composition, and environmental conditions on the total lipid contents and FA composition are discussed.
研究了季节、地理来源（日内瓦湖、莱茵河）和养殖系统（粗放式、半粗放式和集约式系统）对河鲈鱼片脂质含量和脂肪酸（FA）组成的影响。来自莱茵河和日内瓦湖的河鲈在总脂质含量上存在显著差异（分别为1.21%和1.48%）。对莱茵河采样的河鲈按季度调查季节影响。集约养殖的河鲈脂质含量（1.48%）高于其他养殖河鲈，即半粗放式系统为1.26%，粗放式系统为1.16%。在（i）湖鱼和集约养殖的鱼之间或（ii）莱茵河的鱼与半粗放式或粗放式养殖系统的鱼之间，未发现脂质含量有显著差异。主要脂肪酸为22:6n-3（二十二碳六烯酸，DHA，占总脂肪酸的21.3 - 37.1%）、16:0（17.7 - 20.2%）、20:5n-3（二十碳五烯酸，EPA，9.2 - 13.2%）、18:1（8.0 - 11.5%）、20:4n-6[花生四烯酸（ARA），1.9 - 10.7%]、16:1（4.3 - 6.0%）和18:2n-6（2.1 - 6.0%）。与来自莱茵河的河鲈相比，湖鱼的特征是总n-6多不饱和脂肪酸含量较高，总单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）和总n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的比例较低。在养殖系统中，粗放养殖的鱼n-6多不饱和脂肪酸含量较高，n-3多不饱和脂肪酸含量较低。野生鱼的ARA和18:2n-6含量高于养殖鱼。它们的EPA含量（12.5 - 13.2%）也显著高于养殖河鲈（9.2 - 10.9%）。对于DHA，（i）湖鱼（占总脂肪酸的31.9%）和集约养殖的鱼（33.0%）之间以及（ii）莱茵河的鱼（37.1%）和半粗放养殖的鱼（36%）之间没有差异。讨论了鱼的大小、饮食组成和环境条件对总脂质含量和脂肪酸组成的影响。
