Troisi Alfonso, Di Lorenzo Giorgio, Alcini Stefano, Nanni Roberta Croce, Di Pasquale Claudia, Siracusano Alberto
Department of Neuroscience, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Guattani 14, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Psychosom Med. 2006 May-Jun;68(3):449-53. doi: 10.1097/01.psy.0000204923.09390.5b.
It has been suggested that an insecure style of attachment may be one of the factors implicated in the etiology of body dissatisfaction, which, in turn, is a risk factor for eating disorders. The present study analyzed the association among early separation anxiety, insecure attachment, and body dissatisfaction in a clinical sample of 96 women with anorexia nervosa (n = 31) or bulimia nervosa (n = 65).
Body dissatisfaction was measured using the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), early separation anxiety was measured using the Separation Anxiety Symptom Inventory (SASI), and adult attachment style was measured using the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ).
In both anorectic and bulimic women, BSQ scores were strongly correlated with SASI and ASQ scores. In a hierarchical regression model controlling for the confounding effects of body mass index and depressive symptoms, early separation anxiety and preoccupied attachment emerged as significant predictors of high levels of body dissatisfaction.
Based on the cross-sectional findings of this study, insecure attachment appears to be a consistent correlate of negative body image evaluations in women with either anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. If future prospective studies will confirm that an insecure style of attachment plays a role in promoting the development of body dissatisfaction, prevention and treatment of disordered eating pathology might be enhanced by focusing greater attention on attachment relationships.
有人提出，不安全的依恋方式可能是导致身体不满的病因之一，而身体不满反过来又是饮食失调的一个风险因素。本研究分析了96名神经性厌食症患者（n = 31）或神经性贪食症患者（n = 65）的临床样本中早期分离焦虑、不安全依恋和身体不满之间的关联。
使用身体形状问卷（BSQ）测量身体不满，使用分离焦虑症状量表（SASI）测量早期分离焦虑，使用依恋方式问卷（ASQ）测量成人依恋方式。
在神经性厌食症患者和神经性贪食症患者中，BSQ得分均与SASI和ASQ得分密切相关。在控制了体重指数和抑郁症状的混杂效应的分层回归模型中，早期分离焦虑和过度依恋成为身体高度不满的显著预测因素。
基于本研究的横断面研究结果，不安全依恋似乎是神经性厌食症或神经性贪食症女性负面身体形象评价的一致相关因素。如果未来的前瞻性研究证实不安全的依恋方式在促进身体不满的发展中起作用，那么通过更加关注依恋关系，可能会加强对饮食失调病理的预防和治疗。
