[Sinonasal-type hemangiopericytoma: a clinicopathologic analysis of 6 cases].

OBJECTIVE

To study the clinicopathologic features, histologic diagnosis and differential diagnosis of sinonasal-type of hemangiopericytoma (SNTHPC).

METHODS

The clinical, radiographic and pathologic findings of 6 cases of SNTHPC were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy were performed on selected examples.

RESULTS

Amongst the 6 patients studied, 4 were males and 2 were females. The age of patients ranged from 56 to 71 years (mean = 60.5 years old). The commonest clinical presentation was nasal obstruction and/or epistaxis. Other symptoms could include increased nasal secretion, eyeball pain, decreased visual acuity, increased tear secretion and headache. The tumor involved nasal cavity and/or paranasal sinuses. Gross examination showed polypoid tumor masses, brownish fleshy tissue or whitish tumor tissue fragments. Histologically, the tumor showed a mixture of diffuse, fascicular, storiform, reticulated and whorled growth patterns. The tumor cells were spindle-shaped and possessed clear to eosinophilic cytoplasm. Mitotic figures were rarely seen. The intervening vasculature was characteristically thin-walled, with focal hyalinization changes and rarely the staghorn pattern. Immunohistochemical study showed that the tumor cells expressed vimentin (6/6), smooth muscle actin (5/6) and CD34 (3/6). Electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of intracytoplasmic myofilaments. The tumor cells were linked together by primitive cell junctions. In general, the histologic diagnosis of SNTHPC was difficult, and only 1 case had the correct initial pathologic diagnosis made. Follow-up data were available in 5 patients and 2 of them had local recurrences.

CONCLUSIONS

SNTHPC is a low to intermediate grade soft tissue tumor with pericytes differentiation. Correct diagnosis relies on detailed pathologic assessment and application of ancillary investigations.