McReynolds J L, Moore R W, Kubena L F, Byrd J A, Woodward C L, Nisbet D J, Ricke S C
US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX 77845, USA.
Poult Sci. 2006 Jul;85(7):1123-8. doi: 10.1093/ps/85.7.1123.
Feed deprivation is commonly used by the poultry industry to induce molting and stimulate multiple egg-laying cycles. However, feed deprivation has been observed experimentally to increase susceptibility of poultry to Salmonella infections. Previous studies indicated that alfalfa was efficacious in reducing Salmonella; the present investigation was designed to evaluate the efficacy of combined alfalfa and layer diets on Salmonella colonization. Leghorn hens over 50 wk of age were divided into 12 groups of hens and placed in individual laying cages. One week prior to dietary changes, hens were put on an 8L:16D photoperiod that continued for the 9-d experiment. Hens were challenged orally with 104 cfu of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) on d 4 of treatment and cultured for SE at the termination of the 9-d study. Two independent experiments were conducted consisting of the following treatment groups: nonfed hens, full-fed standard commercial layer diet, 100% alfalfa meal diet, a 90% alfalfa meal/10% standard commercial layer diet, and a 70% alfalfa meal/30% standard commercial layer diet. When evaluating SE colonization in the ceca (Exp. 1), a reduction (P < 0.05) was seen in the 100% alfalfa meal diet and the 70% alfalfa meal/30% standard commercial layer diet treatment groups when compared with the controls with Log10 values of 0.54, 0.44, and 2.82, respectively. Evaluation of physiological parameters showed the alfalfa treatment groups had reductions (P < 0.05) in weight loss, ovary weight, and feed consumption when compared with the full-fed standard commercial layer diet hens, and these results were comparable with the nonfed hens. In Exp. 2, all of the treatment groups had a reduction (P < 0.05) in SE colonization of the ceca when compared with the controls. There were also similar physiological reductions in weight loss, ovary weight, and feed consumption when birds were fed the alfalfa diets in Exp. 2. These data suggest that alfalfa can potentially be combined with layer ration to limit SE infection and still induce a molt comparable with feed withdrawal.
家禽业通常采用禁食来诱导换羽并刺激多个产蛋周期。然而，实验观察到禁食会增加家禽对沙门氏菌感染的易感性。先前的研究表明苜蓿在减少沙门氏菌方面有效；本研究旨在评估苜蓿与蛋鸡日粮组合对沙门氏菌定植的效果。将50周龄以上的来航鸡分为12组，置于单独的产蛋笼中。在改变日粮前一周，母鸡进入8小时光照：16小时黑暗的光照周期，该光照周期持续9天实验。在处理的第4天，给母鸡口服104 cfu肠炎沙门氏菌（SE），并在9天研究结束时对SE进行培养。进行了两个独立实验，包括以下处理组：禁食母鸡、全喂标准商业蛋鸡日粮、100%苜蓿粉日粮、90%苜蓿粉/10%标准商业蛋鸡日粮和70%苜蓿粉/30%标准商业蛋鸡日粮。在评估盲肠中的SE定植时（实验1），与对照组相比，100%苜蓿粉日粮组和70%苜蓿粉/30%标准商业蛋鸡日粮处理组的SE定植减少（P<0.05），Log10值分别为0.54、0.44和2.82。生理参数评估显示，与全喂标准商业蛋鸡日粮的母鸡相比，苜蓿处理组的体重减轻、卵巢重量和采食量减少（P<0.05），这些结果与禁食母鸡相当。在实验2中，与对照组相比，所有处理组盲肠中的SE定植均减少（P<0.05）。在实验2中，当给鸡饲喂苜蓿日粮时，体重减轻、卵巢重量和采食量也有类似的生理减少。这些数据表明，苜蓿有可能与蛋鸡日粮结合使用，以限制SE感染，同时仍能诱导与禁食相当的换羽。
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