Structure and dynamics of halogenoethanol-water mixtures studied by large-angle X-ray scattering, small-angle neutron scattering, and NMR relaxation.

To clarify the structure of solvent clusters formed in halogenoethanol-water mixtures at the molecular level, large-angle X-ray scattering (LAXS) measurements have been made at 298 K on 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE), 2,2,2-trichloroethanol (TCE), and their aqueous mixtures in the TFE and TCE mole fraction ranges of 0.002 < or = x(TFE) < or = 0.9 and 0.5 < or = x(TCE) < or = 0.9, respectively. The radial distribution functions (RDFs) for TFE-water mixtures have shown that the structural transition from inherent TFE structure to the tetrahedral-like structure of water takes place at x(TFE) approximately 0.2. In the TCE-water mixtures inherent TCE structure remains in the range of 0.5 < or = x(TCE) < or = 1. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments have been performed on CF(3)CH(2)OD- (TFE-d(1)-) D(2)O and CF(3)CD(2)OH- (TFE-d(2)-) H(2)O mixtures in the TFE mole fraction range of 0.05 < or = x(TFE) < or = 0.8. The SANS results in terms of the Ornstein-Zernike correlation length have revealed that TFE and water molecules are most heterogeneously mixed with each other in the TFE-water mixture at x(TFE) approximately 0.15, i.e., both TFE clusters and water clusters are most enhanced in the mixture. To evaluate the dynamics of TFE and ethanol (EtOH) molecules in TFE-water and ethanol-water mixtures, respectively, (1)H NMR relaxation rates for the methylene group within alcohol molecules have been measured by using an inversion-recovery method. The alcohol concentration dependence of the relaxation rates for the TFE-water and ethanol-water mixtures has shown a break point at x(TFE) approximately 0.15 and x(EtOH) approximately 0.2, respectively, where the structural transition from alcohol clusters to the tetrahedral-like structure of water takes place. On the basis of the present results, the most likely structure models of solvent clusters predominantly formed in TFE-water and TCE-water mixtures are proposed. In addition, effects of halogenation of the hydrophobic groups on clustering of alcohol molecules are discussed from the present results, together with the previous ones for ethanol-water and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol- (HFIP-) water mixtures.