Studies of iridium nanoparticles using density functional theory calculations.

The energetics and the electronic and magnetic properties of iridium nanoparticles in the range of 2-64 atoms were investigated using density functional theory calculations. A variety of different geometric configurations were studied, including planar, three-dimensional, nanowire, and single-walled nanotube. The binding energy per atom increases with size and dimensionality from 2.53 eV/atom for the iridium dimer to 6.09 eV/atom for the 64-atom cluster. The most stable geometry is planar until four atoms are reached and three-dimensional thereafter. The simple cubic structure is the most stable geometric building block until a strikingly large 48-atom cluster, when the most stable geometry transitions to face-centered cubic, as found in the bulk metal. The strong preference for cubic structure among small clusters demonstrates their rigidity. This result indicates that iridium nanoparticles intrinsically do not favor the coalescence process. Nanowires formed from linear atomic chains of up to 4-atom rings were studied, and the wires formed from 4-atom rings were extremely stable. Single-walled nanotubes were also studied. These nanotubes were formed by stacking 5- and 6-atom rings to form a tube. The ring stacking with each atom directly above the previous atom is more stable than if the alternate rings are rotated.