氯胺酮对健康志愿者的心理影响。现象学研究。
Psychological effects of ketamine in healthy volunteers. Phenomenological study.
作者信息
Pomarol-Clotet E, Honey G D, Murray G K, Corlett P R, Absalom A R, Lee M, McKenna P J, Bullmore E T, Fletcher P C
机构信息
Benito Menni CASM, Barcelona, Spain.
出版信息
Br J Psychiatry. 2006 Aug;189:173-9. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.105.015263.
BACKGROUND
The psychosis-inducing effect of ketamine is important evidence supporting the glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia. However, the symptoms the drug produces have not been described systematically.
AIM
To examine the effects of ketamine in healthy people using a structured psychiatric interview.
METHOD
Ketamine (200 ng/ml) or placebo was administered by continuous infusion to 15 healthy volunteers. Symptoms were rated using the Present State Examination, the Thought, Language and Communication Scale and the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms.
RESULTS
Ketamine induced a range of perceptual distortions, but not hallucinations. Referential ideas were seen in nearly half the sample. There were only mild and infrequent ratings on the thought disorder scale. Affective flattening and alogia were seen in some volunteers.
CONCLUSIONS
Ketamine does not reproduce the full picture of schizophrenia. The main point of similarity concerns referential thinking. Phenomena resembling negative symptoms are also seen, but the distinction of these from the drug's sedative effects requires further elucidation.
背景
氯胺酮的致精神病效应是支持精神分裂症谷氨酸假说的重要证据。然而，该药物产生的症状尚未得到系统描述。
目的
使用结构化精神病学访谈来研究氯胺酮对健康人的影响。
方法
对15名健康志愿者持续输注氯胺酮（200纳克/毫升）或安慰剂。使用《现况检查》《思维、语言和交流量表》以及《阴性症状评估量表》对症状进行评分。
结果
氯胺酮诱发了一系列感知扭曲，但未诱发幻觉。近一半的样本出现牵连观念。思维障碍量表上只有轻微且不频繁的评分。一些志愿者出现情感平淡和言语减少。
结论
氯胺酮不会重现精神分裂症的全貌。主要的相似点在于牵连性思维。也可见到类似阴性症状的现象，但将这些与药物的镇静作用区分开来还需要进一步阐明。
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