Painter Stephanie E, Kleerekoper Michael, Camacho Pauline M
Division of Endocrinology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA.
Endocr Pract. 2006 Jul-Aug;12(4):436-45. doi: 10.4158/EP.12.4.436.
To review several causes of secondary osteoporosis as well as screening recommendations for underlying disorders.
We conducted a review of the literature on many of the causes of osteoporosis that have been published during the past 15 years, focusing on those sources available from 2000 through the present. Indeed, more than two-thirds of the articles that we reviewed were printed during the past 6 years. These reports examined secondary osteoporosis in general, as well as many of the specific causes.
Secondary osteoporosis occurs in almost two-thirds of men, more than half of premenopausal and perimenopausal women, and about one-fifth of postmenopausal women. Its causes are vast, and they include hypogonadism, medications, hyperthyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, primary hyperparathyroidism, solid organ transplantation, gastrointestinal diseases, hematologic diseases, Cushing's syndrome, and idiopathic hypercalciuria. These causes have their own pathogenesis, epidemiologic features, and effect on the skeleton.
The causes of secondary osteoporosis are numerous, and an understanding of their characteristics with respect to bone density and potential fracture risk is essential in the management of osteoporosis. A heightened awareness of the possibility of their existence is necessary to provide optimal care.
回顾继发性骨质疏松的多种病因以及潜在疾病的筛查建议。
我们对过去15年中已发表的有关骨质疏松多种病因的文献进行了综述，重点关注2000年至今可得的资料来源。实际上，我们所综述的文章中有超过三分之二是在过去6年发表的。这些报告总体上研究了继发性骨质疏松以及许多具体病因。
继发性骨质疏松在近三分之二的男性、超过半数的绝经前和围绝经期女性以及约五分之一的绝经后女性中出现。其病因众多，包括性腺功能减退、药物、甲状腺功能亢进、维生素D缺乏、原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进、实体器官移植、胃肠道疾病、血液系统疾病、库欣综合征和特发性高钙尿症。这些病因各有其发病机制、流行病学特征以及对骨骼的影响。
继发性骨质疏松的病因众多，了解它们在骨密度和潜在骨折风险方面的特征对于骨质疏松的管理至关重要。提高对其存在可能性的认识对于提供最佳治疗至关重要。
