Tepper Allison L, Burr Gregory A, Feng H Amy, Singal Mitchell, Miller Aubrey K, Hanley Kevin W, Olsen Larry D
Hazard Evaluations and Technical Assistance Branch, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, NIOSH, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA.
Am J Ind Med. 2006 Sep;49(9):728-39. doi: 10.1002/ajim.20346.
Although asphalt fume is a recognized irritant, previous studies of acute symptoms during asphalt paving have produced inconsistent results. Between 1994 and 1997, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) evaluated workers at seven sites in six states.
NIOSH (a) measured exposures of asphalt paving workers to total (TP) and benzene-soluble particulate (BSP), polycyclic aromatic compounds, and other substances; (b) administered symptom questionnaires pre-shift, every 2 hr during the shift, and post-shift to asphalt exposed and nonexposed workers; and (c) measured peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) of asphalt paving workers when they completed a symptom questionnaire.
Full-shift time-weighted average exposures to TP and BSP ranged from 0.01 to 1.30 mg/m(3) and 0.01 to 0.82 mg/m(3), respectively. Most BSP concentrations were <0.50 mg/m(3). Asphalt workers had a higher occurrence rate of throat irritation than nonexposed workers [13% vs. 4%, odds ratio (OR) = 4.0, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2-13]. TP, as a continuous variable, was associated with eye (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.12-1.60) and throat (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.06-1.85) symptoms. With TP dichotomous at 0.5 mg/m(3), the ORs and 95% CIs for eye and throat symptoms were 7.5 (1.1-50) and 15 (2.3-103), respectively. BSP, dichotomous at 0.3 mg/m(3), was associated with irritant (eye, nose, or throat) symptoms (OR = 11, 95% CI: 1.5-84). One worker, a smoker, had PEFR-defined bronchial lability, which did not coincide with respiratory symptoms.
Irritant symptoms were associated with TP and BSP concentrations at or below 0.5 mg/m(3).
尽管沥青烟是一种公认的刺激物，但先前关于沥青铺设过程中急性症状的研究结果并不一致。1994年至1997年期间，美国国家职业安全与健康研究所（NIOSH）对六个州七个地点的工人进行了评估。
NIOSH（a）测量了沥青铺设工人对总颗粒物（TP）、苯溶性颗粒物（BSP）、多环芳烃化合物和其他物质的接触情况；（b）在班前、班中每2小时以及班后向接触沥青和未接触沥青的工人发放症状调查问卷；（c）在沥青铺设工人完成症状调查问卷时测量其呼气峰值流速（PEFR）。
全时加权平均接触TP和BSP的浓度范围分别为0.01至1.30毫克/立方米和0.01至0.82毫克/立方米。大多数BSP浓度<0.50毫克/立方米。沥青工人喉咙刺激的发生率高于未接触者[13%对4%，优势比（OR）=4.0，95%置信区间（CI）：1.2 - 13]。TP作为连续变量，与眼睛（OR = 1.34，95% CI：1.12 - 1.60）和喉咙（OR = 1.40，95% CI：1.06 - 1.85）症状相关。当TP以0.5毫克/立方米为二分变量时，眼睛和喉咙症状的OR值及95% CI分别为7.5（1.1 - 50）和15（2.3 - 103）。BSP以0.3毫克/立方米为二分变量时，与刺激（眼睛、鼻子或喉咙）症状相关（OR = 11，95% CI：1.5 - 84）。一名吸烟工人出现了由PEFR定义的支气管易激性，但与呼吸道症状不一致。
刺激症状与TP和BSP浓度在0.5毫克/立方米及以下有关。
