Haslam S Alexander, Reicher Stephen
School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
J Appl Psychol. 2006 Sep;91(5):1037-52. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.91.5.1037.
Participants in the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) prison study were randomly assigned to high-status (guard) and low-status (prisoner) groups. Structural interventions increased the prisoners' sense of shared group identity and their willingness to challenge the power of the guards. Psychometric, physiological, behavioral, and observational data support the hypothesis that identity-based processes also affected participants' experience of stress. As prisoners' sense of shared identity increased, they provided each other with more social support and effectively resisted the adverse effects of situational stressors. As guards' sense of shared identity declined, they provided each other with less support and succumbed to stressors. Findings support an integrated social identity model of stress that addresses intragroup and intergroup dynamics of the stress process.
英国广播公司（BBC）监狱研究的参与者被随机分为高地位（警卫）和低地位（囚犯）两组。结构性干预增强了囚犯的群体认同感以及他们挑战警卫权力的意愿。心理测量、生理、行为和观察数据支持了基于身份认同的过程也会影响参与者压力体验的假设。随着囚犯群体认同感的增强，他们相互提供了更多的社会支持，并有效抵御了情境压力源的不利影响。随着警卫群体认同感的下降，他们相互提供的支持减少，并屈服于压力源。研究结果支持了一种综合的压力社会认同模型，该模型涉及压力过程中的群体内和群体间动态。
