Hallberg Jenny, Anderson Martin, Wickman Magnus, Svartengren Magnus
Division of Occupational Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Acta Paediatr. 2006 Oct;95(10):1191-6. doi: 10.1080/08035250600584794.
To evaluate possible sex differences in prevalence, diagnosis and treatment of asthma, and influence on lung function associated with asthma severity in a population-based birth cohort (BAMSE) of 4089 children.
At 4-y follow-up, 92% responded to a questionnaire on symptoms of asthma, current medication and doctor's diagnosis of asthma. A total of 2965 children participated in clinical testing, including measurements of peak expiratory flow (PEF), and were assigned to groups of asthma or no asthma by reported airway symptoms.
Children in asthma groups had lower PEF readings compared to healthy children. This effect was most pronounced for both sexes in the persistent group (boys p<0.05, girls p<0.001) and for girls in the transient group (p<0.01). A doctor's diagnosis of asthma did not significantly differ between boys and girls, but significantly more boys than girls had inhaled corticosteroids, even when stratifying by frequency of symptoms.
These results suggest that when 4-y-old children are stratified according to common diagnostic criteria, girls have a larger effect on PEF of asthma symptoms and are less frequently treated compared to boys.
在一个包含4089名儿童的基于人群的出生队列（BAMSE）中，评估哮喘患病率、诊断和治疗方面可能存在的性别差异，以及哮喘严重程度对肺功能的影响。
在4年随访时，92%的儿童回复了关于哮喘症状、当前用药情况以及医生对哮喘诊断的问卷。共有2965名儿童参与了临床测试，包括测量呼气峰值流速（PEF），并根据报告的气道症状被分为哮喘组或非哮喘组。
与健康儿童相比，哮喘组儿童的PEF读数较低。这种影响在持续性哮喘组的男女儿童中最为明显（男孩p<0.05，女孩p<0.001），在短暂性哮喘组的女孩中也较为明显（p<0.01）。医生对哮喘的诊断在男孩和女孩之间没有显著差异，但即使按症状出现频率分层，吸入皮质类固醇的男孩也明显多于女孩。
这些结果表明，当根据常见诊断标准对4岁儿童进行分层时，与男孩相比，女孩哮喘症状对PEF的影响更大，且接受治疗的频率更低。
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