Risk of technique failure and death in fungal peritonitis is determined mainly by duration on peritoneal dialysis: single-center experience of 24 years.

Fungal peritonitis (FP) is an infrequent cause of peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis (PD), but it has high morbidity and mortality. We analyzed the experience with FP in a single PD unit over a 24-year period. We identified 671 episodes of peritonitis that occurred in 496 patients during the study period. Of these episodes, 23 (3.4%) were FP episodes occurring in 21 patients. In the FP episodes, the patients' mean time on PD was 29.2 +/- 27 months. In 5 episodes, the patients had experienced a peritonitis episode within the preceding month, and in 11 episodes, the patients had used antibiotics within the preceding month. The FP diagnosis was made a mean of 3.17 +/- 3 days after the diagnosis of peritonitis, and in 1 patient, the diagnosis was made after death. Candida spp. were isolated in 82.6% of patients. In 91.3%, the peritoneal catheter was removed. After the FP diagnosis, 15 patients dropped out of PD, but in only 8 patients (34.7%) was drop-out related to FP. In 4 patients, drop-out occurred because of peritoneal membrane failure, and 4 patients (17.4%) died. Time on PD was significantly higher in the group of patients that dropped out of PD because of the FP (45.7 +/- 31 months vs. 19 +/- 18 months, p = 0.02). Fungal peritonitis is a rare cause of peritonitis in PD patients, but it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Longer time on PD is the main factor in technique failure and mortality.