Chen Ching-Ho, Liu Wei-Lin, Leu Horng-Guang
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanya Institute of Technology, 414, Sec. 3, Chung-Shang E. Rd., Jungli, Taoyuan County, Taiwan, ROC.
Environ Manage. 2006 Dec;38(6):952-73. doi: 10.1007/s00267-005-0304-1. Epub 2006 Sep 21.
In Taiwan, the authorities have spent years working on remedying polluted rivers. Generally, the remediation planning works are divided into two phases. During the first phase, the allowed pollution discharge quantity and abatement quantity of each drainage zone, including the assimilative capacity, are generated based on the total river basin. In the second phase, the abatement action plans for each pollution source in each drainage zone are respectively devised by the related organizations based on the strategies generated during the first phase. However, the effectiveness of linking the two phases is usually poor. Highly integrated performances are not always achieved because the separate two-phase method does not take system and management thinking into consideration in the planning stage. This study pioneers the use of the Managing for Results (MFR) method in planning strategies and action plans for river water quality management. A sustainable management framework is proposed based on the concept and method of MFR, Management Thinking, and System Analysis. The framework, consisting of planning, implementation, and controlling stages, systematically considers the relationships and interactions among four factors: environment, society, economy, and institution, based on the principles of sustainable development. Based on the framework, the Modified Bounded Implicit Enumeration algorithm, which is used as a solving method, is combined with Visual Basic software and MS Excel to develop a computer system for strategy planning. The Shetzu River, located in northern Taiwan, is applied as a case study. According to the theoretical, practical, and regulatory considerations, the result-oriented objectives are defined to first improve the pollution length of the Shetzu River in specific remediation periods to finally meet regulated water quality standards. The objectives are then addressed as some of the constraints for the strategy planning model. The model objective is to pursue the maximum assimilative capacity (environmental phase) subjected to the constraints of water quality standards (institutional phase), social equity (social phase), and proper available technology (economic phase). The pollution quantity abatement and allocation, which are named the top strategies, of each drainage zone for different scenarios can be obtained based on each water quality standard. The middle as well as lower strategies and action plans, which consist of pollution quantity abatement and allocation of each class (domestic, industrial, livestock, and non-point pollution sources) and their individual pollution sources in each drainage zone, are then generated based on the top strategies. The performance indicators and measure plans are proposed based on the action plans to promote the comprehensive effectiveness of river water quality management. The authorities have begun to develop a budget based on the strategies and action plans developed in this study. The analytical results indicate that the objectives, strategies, and action plans developed based on the sustainable management framework and strategy planning system can effectively help the related authorities to fulfill the tasks of water quality management for a river basin.
在台湾，当局多年来致力于整治受污染河流。一般来说，整治规划工作分为两个阶段。在第一阶段，根据整个流域确定每个排水区域的允许污染排放量和削减量，包括同化能力。在第二阶段，各相关组织根据第一阶段制定的策略，分别为每个排水区域的每个污染源制定削减行动计划。然而，两个阶段的衔接效果通常不佳。由于这种分开的两阶段方法在规划阶段没有考虑系统和管理思维，所以往往无法实现高度整合的绩效。本研究率先将成果管理法（MFR）用于河流水质量管理的策略规划和行动计划中。基于MFR的概念和方法、管理思维以及系统分析，提出了一个可持续管理框架。该框架由规划、实施和控制阶段组成，基于可持续发展原则，系统地考虑了环境、社会、经济和制度这四个因素之间的关系和相互作用。基于该框架，将用作求解方法的改进型有界隐枚举算法与Visual Basic软件和MS Excel相结合，开发了一个用于策略规划的计算机系统。以位于台湾北部的社子溪为例进行研究。根据理论、实际和法规方面的考虑，确定了以结果为导向的目标，即首先在特定整治时期内改善社子溪的污染长度，最终达到规定的水质标准。然后将这些目标作为策略规划模型的一些约束条件。模型的目标是在水质标准（制度阶段）、社会公平（社会阶段）和适当可用技术（经济阶段）的约束下，追求最大同化能力（环境阶段）。根据每个水质标准，可以获得不同情景下每个排水区域的污染量削减和分配情况，这被称为顶级策略。然后基于顶级策略生成中级和低级策略及行动计划，包括每个排水区域内各类（生活、工业、畜牧和非点源污染源）及其各个污染源的污染量削减和分配情况。基于行动计划提出了绩效指标和衡量计划，以提高河流水质量管理的综合效果。当局已开始根据本研究制定的策略和行动计划编制预算。分析结果表明，基于可持续管理框架和策略规划系统制定的目标、策略和行动计划能够有效地帮助相关当局完成流域水质管理任务。
