Linser Katrin, Goschke Thomas
Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
Cognition. 2007 Sep;104(3):459-75. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2006.07.009. Epub 2006 Sep 25.
How does the brain generate our experience of being in control over our actions and their effects? Here, we argue that the perception of events as self-caused emerges from a comparison between anticipated and actual action-effects: if the representation of an event that follows an action is activated before the action, the event is experienced as caused by one's own action, whereas in the case of a mismatch it will be attributed to an external cause rather than to the self. In a subliminal priming paradigm we show that participants overestimated how much control they had over objectively uncontrollable stimuli, which appeared after free- or forced-choice actions, when a masked prime activated a representation of the stimuli immediately before each action. This prime-induced control-illusion was independent from whether primes were consciously perceived. Results indicate that the conscious experience of control is modulated by unconscious anticipations of action-effects.
大脑是如何产生我们对自身行为及其效果具有控制权的体验的？在此，我们认为，将事件感知为自我引发的过程源自预期行动效果与实际行动效果之间的比较：如果在行动之前就激活了跟随该行动的事件表征，那么该事件就会被体验为由自己的行动所导致，而在出现不匹配的情况下，它将被归因于外部原因而非自我。在一个阈下启动范式中，我们发现，当一个掩蔽启动刺激在每次行动之前立即激活刺激的表征时，参与者高估了他们对客观上不可控刺激的控制程度，这些刺激出现在自由选择或强制选择行动之后。这种启动诱导的控制错觉与启动刺激是否被有意识地感知无关。结果表明，控制的意识体验受到对行动效果的无意识预期的调节。
