大学生中特定处方兴奋剂的非法使用：流行率、动机及给药途径
Illicit use of specific prescription stimulants among college students: prevalence, motives, and routes of administration.
作者信息
Teter Christian J, McCabe Sean Esteban, LaGrange Kristy, Cranford James A, Boyd Carol J
机构信息
School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
出版信息
Pharmacotherapy. 2006 Oct;26(10):1501-10. doi: 10.1592/phco.26.10.1501.
OBJECTIVES
To explore the illicit use of specific prescription stimulants among college students and add to our understanding of reasons (motives) and routes of administration associated with illicit use of these drugs.
METHODS
A random sample of 4580 college students self-administered a Web-based survey. The survey contained a variety of items pertaining to the illicit use of prescription stimulants. An extensive list of prescription stimulants was provided, and students were asked to select all the specific prescription stimulants that they had used illicitly. Items were also included to assess the motives and routes of administration associated with illicit use of prescription stimulants.
RESULTS
Lifetime and past-year prevalence rates for illicit use of prescription stimulants were 8.3% (382 students) and 5.9% (269 students), respectively. Approximately three fourths (75.8%) of the 269 past-year illicit users of prescription stimulants reported using an amphetamine-dextroamphetamine combination agent (e.g., Adderall) in the past year, and approximately one fourth (24.5%) reported using methylphenidate (e.g., Ritalin, Concerta, Metadate, Methylin). Past-year illicit use of prescription stimulants was more than 3 times more likely among Caucasians (odds ratio [OR] 3.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5-6.6) and Hispanics (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.6-9.3) compared with African-Americans, and more than twice as likely among Caucasians (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3-3.4) and Hispanics (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.4-5.1) compared with Asians. The most commonly reported motives for illicit use were to help with concentration (65.2%), help study (59.8%), and increase alertness (47.5%). Other motives included getting high (31.0%) and experimentation (29.9%). Nearly every illicit user (95.3%) reported oral administration, and 38.1% reported snorting prescription stimulants.
CONCLUSION
Illicit use of amphetamine-dextroamphetamine is more prevalent than illicit use of methylphenidate formulations among college students.
目的
探讨大学生中特定处方兴奋剂的非法使用情况，并增进我们对这些药物非法使用的原因（动机）及给药途径的了解。
方法
对4580名大学生进行随机抽样，让他们自行完成一项基于网络的调查。该调查包含了各种与处方兴奋剂非法使用相关的项目。提供了一份详尽的处方兴奋剂清单，要求学生选出他们曾非法使用过的所有特定处方兴奋剂。还包括一些项目来评估与处方兴奋剂非法使用相关的动机和给药途径。
结果
处方兴奋剂非法使用的终生患病率和过去一年患病率分别为8.3%（382名学生）和5.9%（269名学生）。在269名过去一年非法使用处方兴奋剂的学生中，约四分之三（75.8%）报告在过去一年使用过苯丙胺 - 右旋苯丙胺复方制剂（如阿得拉），约四分之一（24.5%）报告使用过哌甲酯（如利他林、康奈达、美达西泮、美特林）。与非裔美国人相比，过去一年白人（优势比[OR] 3.1，95%置信区间[CI] 1.5 - 6.6）和西班牙裔（OR 3.8，95% CI 1.6 - 9.3）非法使用处方兴奋剂的可能性高出3倍多；与亚裔相比，白人（OR 2.1，95% CI 1.3 - 3.4）和西班牙裔（OR 2.6，95% CI 1.4 - 5.1）非法使用处方兴奋剂的可能性高出两倍多。非法使用最常报告的动机是帮助集中注意力（65.2%）、辅助学习（59.8%）和提高警觉性（47.5%）。其他动机包括寻求快感（31.0%）和尝试（29.9%）。几乎所有非法使用者（95.3%）报告采用口服方式，38.1%报告通过吸食处方兴奋剂。
结论
在大学生中，苯丙胺 - 右旋苯丙胺的非法使用比哌甲酯制剂的非法使用更为普遍。
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