Abrams D
University of California at San Francisco, School of Medicine, USA.
AIDS Read. 2001 Mar;11(3):149-56.
Decreases in energy, sense of well-being, libido, muscle strength, and muscle mass occur often in patients who have chronic diseases, such as HIV infection. When these symptoms were first recognized in HIV-positive patients, they were thought to be manifestations of HIV infection but may possibly be associated with hypogonadism. Most HIV-infected patients who have hypogonadism have secondary or central hypogonadism, not primary testicular failure. In HIV-infected hypogonadal men, administration of testosterone appears to increase fat-free mass, muscle mass, and quality of life (increased libido, erectile function, and sense of well-being). Similarly, anabolic steroid hormones appear to increase lean body weight and decrease fat content. Although androgens have been used for the treatment of HIV-related wasting and for hypogonadism, many questions remain unanswered, including those regarding the long-term effects, if any, of suppression of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, as well as the long-term possibilities of malignancy of the prostate and of hepatocellular cancer. Appropriate doses of the various preparations of testosterone and anabolic steroids have not been determined.
能量、幸福感、性欲、肌肉力量和肌肉量的下降在患有慢性疾病（如艾滋病毒感染）的患者中经常出现。当这些症状最初在艾滋病毒阳性患者中被认识到时，它们被认为是艾滋病毒感染的表现，但也可能与性腺功能减退有关。大多数患有性腺功能减退的艾滋病毒感染患者为继发性或中枢性性腺功能减退，而非原发性睾丸功能衰竭。在感染艾滋病毒的性腺功能减退男性中，给予睾酮似乎可增加去脂体重、肌肉量并改善生活质量（增强性欲、勃起功能和幸福感）。同样，合成代谢类固醇激素似乎可增加瘦体重并减少脂肪含量。尽管雄激素已被用于治疗与艾滋病毒相关的消瘦和性腺功能减退，但许多问题仍未得到解答，包括抑制促黄体生成素和促卵泡生成素的长期影响（如果有的话），以及前列腺恶性肿瘤和肝细胞癌的长期可能性。尚未确定各种睾酮制剂和合成代谢类固醇的适当剂量。
