Wirth Michelle M, Schultheiss Oliver C
University of Michigan, Department of Psychology, 530 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1043, USA.
Horm Behav. 2006 Dec;50(5):786-95. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2006.08.003. Epub 2006 Sep 28.
Our prior research has suggested a connection between progesterone (PROG) and implicit affiliation motivation, the non-conscious drive for positive social contact. In particular, experimental arousal of affiliation motivation led to relative PROG increase in women and men [Schultheiss, O.C., Wirth, M.M., Stanton, S.J., 2004. Effects of affiliation and power motivation arousal on salivary progesterone and testosterone. Horm. Behav. 46(5), 592-599]. The present study aimed to (1) replicate this effect, (2) simultaneously assess cortisol (CORT) levels in this paradigm in order to rule out non-specific adrenal effects induced by affiliation arousal, and (3) examine effects on PROG and CORT of approach (hope for closeness, HOC) versus avoidance (fear of rejection, FOR) affiliation arousal. These motivational states were experimentally aroused in participants using film segments containing approach- or avoidance-oriented affiliation-related themes; a neutral film segment was used as a control condition. The film segments affected participants' implicit affiliation motivation and self-reported mood, demonstrating effectiveness of the manipulation. In the FOR condition, participants' CORT and PROG were increased post-film, consistent with the idea that fear of rejection is stressful. We did not replicate our prior finding of PROG increase following the HOC manipulation. However, relationships between PROG and implicit affiliation motivation were apparent across conditions. In particular, PROG co-varied positively with affiliation motivation, and baseline affiliation motivation positively predicted PROG increase in the FOR condition. As prior research implicates PROG in down-regulation of stress, we speculate that PROG release during stress may encourage affiliation for stress reduction purposes.
我们之前的研究表明，孕酮（PROG）与隐性归属动机（即对积极社交接触的无意识驱动力）之间存在联系。特别是，归属动机的实验性激发导致女性和男性的PROG相对增加[舒尔特海斯，O.C.，维尔特，M.M.，斯坦顿，S.J.，2004年。归属和权力动机激发对唾液孕酮和睾酮的影响。《激素与行为》46(5)，592 - 599]。本研究旨在：（1）重复这一效应；（2）在此范式中同时评估皮质醇（CORT）水平，以排除归属激发引起的非特异性肾上腺效应；（3）研究接近型（渴望亲密，HOC）与回避型（害怕被拒绝，FOR）归属激发对PROG和CORT的影响。使用包含接近或回避导向的归属相关主题的电影片段，在参与者中通过实验激发这些动机状态；一个中性电影片段用作对照条件。电影片段影响了参与者的隐性归属动机和自我报告的情绪，证明了这种操纵的有效性。在FOR条件下，参与者的CORT和PROG在观看电影后增加，这与害怕被拒绝会产生压力的观点一致。我们没有重复之前关于HOC操纵后PROG增加的发现。然而，在各种条件下，PROG与隐性归属动机之间的关系是明显的。特别是，PROG与归属动机呈正相关，并且基线归属动机正向预测了FOR条件下PROG的增加。由于之前的研究表明PROG参与应激的下调，我们推测应激期间PROG的释放可能会为了减轻压力而促进社交。
