Atwater Christina S, Durina Marie E, Durina John P, Blackledge Robert D
National University, San Diego, CA 92136, USA.
J Forensic Sci. 2006 Sep;51(5):1091-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00226.x.
Determination of the muzzle-to-target distance is often a critical factor in criminal and civil investigations involving firearms. However, seeing and recording gunshot residue patterns can be difficult if the victim's clothing is dark and/or bloodstained. Trostle reported the use of infrared film for the detection of burn patterns. However, only after the film is developed are the results visible and multiple exposures at different settings may be needed. The Video Spectral Comparator 2000 (Foster & Freeman Ltd., Evesham, Worcestershire, U.K.) is an imaging instrument routinely used by forensic document examiners. Without use of specialized film could the VSC 2000 (at appropriate instrument settings) quickly, easily, and reliably provide instantaneous viewing, saving, and printing of gunshot residue patterns on dark and/or blood soaked clothing? At muzzle-to-target distances of 6, 12, and 18 in., test fires were made into five different types of dark clothing using eight different handguns of different calibers. Gunshot residues were detected for all eight calibers, and powder burn patterns were seen on dark clothing for all three target distances and calibers except 0.22 long rifle and 0.25 ACP. Bloodstains did not preclude the viewing of these patterns.
在涉及枪支的刑事和民事调查中，确定枪口到目标的距离往往是一个关键因素。然而，如果受害者的衣物颜色较深和/或有血迹，那么观察和记录枪击残留物图案可能会很困难。特罗斯特尔报告了使用红外胶片来检测烧灼图案。然而，只有在胶片显影后结果才可见，并且可能需要在不同设置下进行多次曝光。视频光谱比较仪2000（英国伍斯特郡伊夫舍姆的福斯特&弗里曼有限公司）是法医文件检验人员经常使用的一种成像仪器。在不使用专用胶片的情况下，视频光谱比较仪2000（在适当的仪器设置下）能否快速、轻松且可靠地即时查看、保存和打印深色和/或浸满血的衣物上的枪击残留物图案？在枪口到目标距离为6英寸、12英寸和18英寸的情况下，使用八支不同口径的不同手枪向五种不同类型的深色衣物进行试射。所有八种口径的枪击残留物均被检测到，除了0.22长步枪和0.25 ACP外，在所有三种目标距离和口径的深色衣物上均能看到火药烧灼图案。血迹并不妨碍对这些图案的观察。
