McLeod Angela, Baker Deborah, Black Mary
Salford Primary Care Trust, Poplars Medical Centre, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK.
Health Soc Care Community. 2006 Nov;14(6):453-64. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2524.2006.00625.x.
Young mothers often require support to remain socially 'included' after becoming pregnant and this, in its turn, could protect their health. In this context, new policy initiatives aimed at tackling social exclusion, such as those implemented under the National Teenage Pregnancy Strategy, could be working to build social support mechanisms. The present paper addresses the issue of whether statutory services do in fact deliver 'social inclusion', through the provision of appropriate social support for young mothers. Data are drawn from semistructured interviews with service providers from a variety of different settings. The questionnaire was structured around an established model of social support, developed by M. Barrera, called the Inventory of Socially Supportive Behaviours. The study took place in a deprived inner city in North West England. Eleven participants were interviewed from seven separate organisations. The findings indicate that there were well-developed referral systems between services, with services adopting a social model of health. Much informational and emotional support was provided. What was less clear is how services are enabling social support to be developed amongst peer groups accessing the services particularly at community level. It is questionable to what extent services are able to foster the development of social support through social activities and support groups, and even whether it is appropriate to expect them to do so. In some sense, services go some way to delivering social inclusion, in that they are providing advice about income, housing and other opportunities. However, services appear to be missing an opportunity to foster social inclusion through the lack of development of supportive networks amongst groups of peers, which may have implications for the health of young mothers.
年轻母亲在怀孕后往往需要支持以保持社会“融入”，而这反过来又能保护她们的健康。在这种背景下，旨在解决社会排斥问题的新政策举措，比如根据《国家青少年怀孕战略》实施的那些举措，可能正在努力建立社会支持机制。本文探讨法定服务机构是否实际上通过为年轻母亲提供适当的社会支持来实现“社会融入”这一问题。数据来源于对来自各种不同机构的服务提供者的半结构化访谈。问卷围绕M. 巴雷拉开发的一个既定社会支持模型构建，该模型名为《社会支持行为量表》。研究在英格兰西北部一个贫困的市中心地区进行。来自七个不同组织的11名参与者接受了访谈。研究结果表明，各服务机构之间有完善的转诊系统，且这些服务机构采用了健康的社会模式。提供了大量信息和情感支持。不太明确的是，服务机构如何促使使用这些服务的同龄人团体，尤其是在社区层面，形成社会支持。服务机构在多大程度上能够通过社会活动和支持团体促进社会支持的发展，甚至期望它们这样做是否合适，这是值得怀疑的。从某种意义上说，服务机构在一定程度上实现了社会融入，因为它们提供了有关收入、住房和其他机会的建议。然而，由于同龄人团体之间缺乏支持网络的发展，服务机构似乎错失了促进社会融入的机会，这可能会对年轻母亲的健康产生影响。
