Adamson Simon, Sellman Doug, Deering Daryle, Robertson Paul, de Zwart Karen
National Addiction Centre, Christchurch School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Christchurch.
N Z Med J. 2006 Oct 27;119(1244):U2284.
To describe the profile of clients attending dedicated alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment services in New Zealand, and to compare this profile with data from a 1998 survey.
288 randomly selected AOD treatment workers in New Zealand were interviewed by telephone regarding their most recent assessment and follow-up clients, yielding a randomly selected sample of 383 clients. Workers were asked to identify the age, gender, ethnicity, main substance use problem, and geographical location of clients.
65% of clients were male; 32% were Maori. The mean age was 34 years and the largest group of clients were seen for alcohol-related issues (47%), followed by cannabis (24%) and opioids (15%). Amphetamines had risen as the main substance used--from near zero (in 1998) to 10% of the sample (in 2004). In 2004, surveyed clients were older and less likely to be Caucasian (European ethnicity), and were more likely to be seen in district health board (DHB) and non-residential settings. Compared to clients attending assessment appointments, those attending for follow-up were older, less likely to be female or Maori, and more likely to use opioids. Overall, Maori clients were younger, used cannabis more, and were less likely to live in a large city. Amphetamine users were younger and almost exclusively living in the North Island.
Several substantial changes have occurred in the profile of AOD clients over the 6 years (1998-2004). Although the traditional substances of alcohol, cannabis, and opioids continue to predominate, the rise in amphetamine use in the community is reflected in a corresponding rise in amphetamine presentations to AOD services, particularly amongst younger clients and those in the North Island. While other observed changes might have been predicted from broader demographic trends and service reconfiguration, the emergence of a substantial disparity in treatment follow-up rates between Maori and non-Maori is not so easily explained.
描述新西兰专门的酒精和其他药物（AOD）治疗服务的客户概况，并将此概况与1998年一项调查的数据进行比较。
通过电话采访了新西兰288名随机挑选的AOD治疗工作人员，询问他们最近评估和随访的客户情况，从而获得了一个随机挑选的383名客户的样本。要求工作人员确定客户的年龄、性别、种族、主要物质使用问题以及地理位置。
65%的客户为男性；32%为毛利人。平均年龄为34岁，最大的客户群体是因酒精相关问题前来就诊的（47%），其次是大麻（24%）和阿片类药物（15%）。苯丙胺作为主要使用物质的比例有所上升——从几乎为零（1998年）升至样本的10%（2004年）。2004年，接受调查的客户年龄更大，不太可能是白种人（欧洲种族），并且更有可能在地区卫生委员会（DHB）和非住院环境中就诊。与参加评估预约的客户相比，参加随访的客户年龄更大，女性或毛利人的可能性更小，并且更有可能使用阿片类药物。总体而言，毛利客户更年轻，使用大麻更多，并且不太可能居住在大城市。苯丙胺使用者更年轻，几乎都居住在北岛。
在这6年（1998 - 2004年）中，AOD客户的概况发生了几项重大变化。尽管酒精、大麻和阿片类药物等传统物质仍然占主导地位，但社区中苯丙胺使用的增加反映在向AOD服务机构就诊的苯丙胺使用者相应增加，特别是在年轻客户和北岛客户中。虽然其他观察到的变化可能可以从更广泛的人口趋势和服务重新配置中预测到，但毛利人和非毛利人在治疗随访率上出现的巨大差异却不那么容易解释。
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