Tolin David F, Foa Edna B
Anxiety Disorders Center, The Institute of Living, Hartford, CT 06106, USA.
Psychol Bull. 2006 Nov;132(6):959-92. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.132.6.959.
Meta-analyses of studies yielding sex-specific risk of potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) indicated that female participants were more likely than male participants to meet criteria for PTSD, although they were less likely to experience PTEs. Female participants were more likely than male participants to experience sexual assault and child sexual abuse, but less likely to experience accidents, nonsexual assaults, witnessing death or injury, disaster or fire, and combat or war. Among victims of specific PTEs (excluding sexual assault or abuse), female participants exhibited greater PTSD. Thus, sex differences in risk of exposure to particular types of PTE can only partially account for the differential PTSD risk in male and female participants.
对得出潜在创伤性事件（PTE）和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）性别特异性风险的研究进行的荟萃分析表明，女性参与者比男性参与者更有可能符合PTSD的标准，尽管她们经历PTE的可能性较小。女性参与者比男性参与者更有可能遭受性侵犯和儿童性虐待，但经历事故、非性侵犯、目睹死亡或受伤、灾难或火灾以及战斗或战争的可能性较小。在特定PTE（不包括性侵犯或虐待）的受害者中，女性参与者表现出更高的PTSD发生率。因此，接触特定类型PTE风险的性别差异只能部分解释男性和女性参与者PTSD风险的差异。
