Roberts Robert E, Roberts Catherine Ramsay, Xing Yun
Dr. R.E. Roberts is with the Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences and Ms. Xing is with the Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; and Dr. C.R. Roberts is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Medical School at Houston..
Dr. R.E. Roberts is with the Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences and Ms. Xing is with the Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; and Dr. C.R. Roberts is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Medical School at Houston.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006 Nov;45(11):1329-1337. doi: 10.1097/01.chi.0000235076.25038.81.
The authors present prevalence data for adolescents in a large metropolitan area and examine the association of DSM-IV diagnoses with functional impairment and selected demographic correlates among European Americans (EA), African Americans (AA), and Mexican (MA) Americans.
The authors sampled 4,175 youths ages 11 to 17 years whose households were enrolled in large health maintenance organizations. Data were collected using questionnaires, the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-IV and the Children's Global Assessment Scale. The data were collected in the Houston Metropolitan area in 1998-2000. Data on psychiatric disorders were derived from interviews with youths only.
AA had a lower prevalence of mood disorders, substance use disorders, and any disorders adjusted for Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-IV impairment or Children's Global Assessment Scale score than did others. EA had greatest prevalence of substance use disorders, whereas AA were lowest. After adjusting for covariates, EA had a higher risk for some disorders than AA. Effects of gender, age, parent education, family income, and marital status were not consistent across groups. Family income was protective only for EA.
There appear to be few systematic differences between majority and minority adolescents at risk for psychiatric disorders. MA are not at increased risk contrasted to EA. AA had lower risk for some disorders, but adjusting for impairment and covariates eliminated most differences. Thus, multivariate analyses support the hypothesis that initial ethnic differences appear to be a function of factors associated with disadvantaged minority status rather than to distinctive ethnic culture. A noteworthy finding was that disadvantaged social status did not appear to increase the risk for disorders among minority youths.
作者呈现了一个大都市地区青少年的患病率数据，并研究了欧洲裔美国人（EA）、非裔美国人（AA）和墨西哥裔美国人（MA）中《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版（DSM-IV）诊断与功能损害以及选定人口统计学相关因素之间的关联。
作者对4175名年龄在11至17岁、其家庭参加了大型健康维护组织的青少年进行了抽样。使用问卷、儿童诊断访谈量表第四版和儿童总体评估量表收集数据。数据于1998 - 2000年在休斯顿大都市地区收集。关于精神障碍的数据仅来自对青少年的访谈。
在根据儿童诊断访谈量表第四版损害或儿童总体评估量表得分进行调整后，AA在情绪障碍、物质使用障碍以及任何障碍方面的患病率低于其他群体。EA的物质使用障碍患病率最高，而AA最低。在对协变量进行调整后，EA在某些障碍方面的风险高于AA。性别、年龄、父母教育程度、家庭收入和婚姻状况的影响在不同群体中并不一致。家庭收入仅对EA有保护作用。
在有精神障碍风险的多数和少数青少年之间似乎几乎没有系统性差异。与EA相比，MA没有更高的风险。AA在某些障碍方面的风险较低，但在对损害和协变量进行调整后，大多数差异消失了。因此，多变量分析支持这样的假设，即最初的种族差异似乎是与弱势少数群体地位相关的因素的作用，而不是独特的种族文化的作用。一个值得注意的发现是，弱势社会地位似乎并没有增加少数族裔青少年患障碍的风险。
