Dudás B, Semeniken K R, Merchenthaler I
Neuroendocrine Organization Laboratory, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA 16509, USA.
J Neuroendocrinol. 2006 Dec;18(12):895-901. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2006.01487.x.
It has been postulated that the stress response is associated with water balance via regulating vasopressin release. Nausea, surgical stress and insulin-induced hypoglycaemia were shown to stimulate vasopressin secretion in humans. Increased vasopressin release in turn induces water resorption through the kidneys. Although the mechanism of the stress-mediated vasopressin release is not entirely understood, it is generally accepted that catecholamines play a crucial role in influencing water balance by modulating the secretion of vasopressin. However, the morphological substrate of this modulation has not yet been established. The present study utilised double-label immunohistochemistry to reveal putative juxtapositions between tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive (IR) catecholaminergic system and the vasopressin systems in the human hypothalamus. In the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei, numerous vasopressin-IR neurones received TH-IR axon varicosities. Analysis of these juxtapositions with high magnification combined with oil immersion did not reveal any gaps between the contacted elements. In conclusion, the intimate associations between the TH-IR and vasopressin-IR elements may be functional synapses and may represent the morphological basis of vasopressin release modulated by stressors. Because certain vasopressin-IR perikarya receive no detectable TH innervations, it is possible that additional mechanisms may participate in the stress-influenced vasopressin release.
据推测，应激反应通过调节抗利尿激素的释放与水平衡相关。恶心、手术应激和胰岛素诱导的低血糖被证明可刺激人类抗利尿激素的分泌。抗利尿激素释放增加进而促使肾脏对水的重吸收。尽管应激介导的抗利尿激素释放机制尚未完全明了，但人们普遍认为儿茶酚胺通过调节抗利尿激素的分泌在影响水平衡方面起着关键作用。然而，这种调节的形态学基础尚未确立。本研究利用双标免疫组织化学法揭示人下丘脑中酪氨酸羟化酶（TH）免疫反应性（IR）儿茶酚胺能系统与抗利尿激素系统之间可能的并列关系。在室旁核和视上核中，许多抗利尿激素免疫反应性神经元接受了TH免疫反应性轴突膨体。用高倍镜结合油镜对这些并列关系进行分析，未发现接触元件之间有任何间隙。总之，TH免疫反应性元件与抗利尿激素免疫反应性元件之间的紧密联系可能是功能性突触，可能代表了应激源调节抗利尿激素释放的形态学基础。由于某些抗利尿激素免疫反应性胞体未检测到TH神经支配，因此可能有其他机制参与应激影响的抗利尿激素释放。
