句子长度和复杂性对匈牙利特定语言障碍（SLI）儿童工作记忆表现的影响：一项跨语言比较。
Effect of sentence length and complexity on working memory performance in Hungarian children with specific language impairment (SLI): A cross-linguistic comparison.
作者信息
Marton Klara, Schwartz Richard G, Farkas Lajos, Katsnelson Valeriya
机构信息
Graduate Centre, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
出版信息
Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2006 Nov-Dec;41(6):653-73. doi: 10.1080/13682820500420418.
BACKGROUND
English-speaking children with specific language impairment (SLI) perform more poorly than their typically developing peers in verbal working memory tasks where processing and storage are simultaneously required. Hungarian is a language with a relatively free word order and a rich agglutinative morphology.
AIMS
To examine the effect of linguistic structure on working memory performance. It was examined whether syntactic complexity has a larger impact on working memory performance than sentence length in Hungarian-speaking children, similar to the findings in English speaking children.
METHODS & PROCEDURES: In Experiment 1, performance accuracy was measured with two linguistic span tasks that included stimuli with varying sentence length and syntactic complexity. Experiment 2 examined the impact of sentence length and morphological complexity on working memory performance.
OUTCOMES & RESULTS: Children with SLI performed more poorly than their age-matched peers in all working memory tasks. Their error patterns differed from those of children with typical language development. Children with SLI produced a high number of interference errors that indicate poor executive functions. The findings were compared with previous results of English-speaking children. Complexity affected working memory performance accuracy differently across languages. In English, it was the increase of syntactic complexity that resulted in a decrease in performance accuracy, whereas in Hungarian, it was the morphological complexity that had a large impact on working memory performance.
CONCLUSIONS
Working memory performance depends on the linguistic characteristics of the language tested. In both English- and Hungarian-speaking children, complexity has a larger effect on verbal working memory performance than the length of the stimuli. However, complexity affects working memory performance accuracy differently across languages.
背景
患有特定语言障碍（SLI）的英语儿童在需要同时进行处理和存储的言语工作记忆任务中的表现比其发育正常的同龄人更差。匈牙利语是一种词序相对自由且具有丰富黏着形态的语言。
目的
研究语言结构对工作记忆表现的影响。研究匈牙利语儿童中，句法复杂性对工作记忆表现的影响是否比句子长度更大，这与英语儿童的研究结果类似。
方法与过程
在实验1中，通过两个语言广度任务测量表现准确性，这些任务包含不同句子长度和句法复杂性的刺激。实验2研究句子长度和形态复杂性对工作记忆表现的影响。
结果与结论
患有SLI的儿童在所有工作记忆任务中的表现都比年龄匹配的同龄人差。他们的错误模式与语言发育正常的儿童不同。患有SLI的儿童产生了大量干扰错误，这表明执行功能较差。研究结果与之前英语儿童的结果进行了比较。复杂性对不同语言的工作记忆表现准确性的影响不同。在英语中，是句法复杂性的增加导致表现准确性下降，而在匈牙利语中，是形态复杂性对工作记忆表现有很大影响。
结论
工作记忆表现取决于所测试语言的语言特征。在英语和匈牙利语儿童中，复杂性对言语工作记忆表现的影响比刺激的长度更大。然而，复杂性对不同语言的工作记忆表现准确性的影响不同。
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