Nerve-evoked synchronous release and high K+ -induced quantal events are regulated separately by synaptotagmin I at Drosophila neuromuscular junctions.

The distal Ca(2+)-binding domain of synaptotagmin I (Syt I), C2B, has two Ca(2+)-binding sites. To study their function in Drosophila, pairs of aspartates were mutated to asparagines and the mutated syt I was expressed in the syt I-null background (P[syt I(B-D1,2N)] and P[syt I(B-D3,4N)]). We examined the effects of these mutations on nerve-evoked synchronous synaptic transmission and high K(+)-induced quantal events at embryonic neuromuscular junctions. The P[syt I(B-D1,2N)] mutation virtually abolished synaptic transmission, whereas the P[syt I(B-D3,4N)] mutation strongly reduced but did not abolish it. The quantal content in P[syt I(B-D3,4N)] increased with the external Ca(2+) concentration, Ca(2+), with a slope of 1.86 in double-logarithmic plot, whereas that of control was 2.88. In high K(+) solutions the quantal event frequency in P[syt I(B-D3,4N)] increased progressively with Ca(2+) between 0 and 0.15 mM as in control. In contrast, in P[syt I(B-D1,2N)] the event frequency did not increase progressively between 0 and 0.15 mM and was significantly lower at 0.15 than at 0.05 mM Ca(2+). The P[syt I(B-D1,2N)] mutation inhibits high K(+)-induced quantal release in a narrow range of Ca(2+) (negative regulatory function). When Sr(2+) substituted for Ca(2+), nerve-evoked synchronous synaptic transmission was severely depressed and delayed asynchronous release was appreciably increased in control embryos. In high K(+) solutions with Sr(2+), the quantal event frequency was higher than that in Ca(2+) and increased progressively with Sr(2+) in control and in both mutants. Sr(2+) partially substitutes for Ca(2+) in synchronous release but does not support the negative regulatory function of Syt I.