Batton Daniel G, Barrington Keith J, Wallman Carol
Pediatrics. 2006 Nov;118(5):2231-41. doi: 10.1542/peds.2006-2277.
The prevention of pain in neonates should be the goal of all caregivers, because repeated painful exposures have the potential for deleterious consequences. Neonates at greatest risk of neurodevelopmental impairment as a result of preterm birth (ie, the smallest and sickest) are also those most likely to be exposed to the greatest number of painful stimuli in the NICU. Although there are major gaps in our knowledge regarding the most effective way to prevent and relieve pain in neonates, proven and safe therapies are currently underused for routine minor yet painful procedures. Every health care facility caring for neonates should implement an effective pain-prevention program, which includes strategies for routinely assessing pain, minimizing the number of painful procedures performed, effectively using pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies for the prevention of pain associated with routine minor procedures, and eliminating pain associated with surgery and other major procedures.
预防新生儿疼痛应成为所有护理人员的目标，因为反复遭受疼痛可能会产生有害后果。因早产而面临神经发育障碍最大风险的新生儿（即最小且病情最重的新生儿）也是那些在新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）中最有可能暴露于最多疼痛刺激的婴儿。尽管在我们关于预防和缓解新生儿疼痛最有效方法的知识方面存在重大差距，但经证实且安全的疗法目前在常规的轻微但疼痛的操作中未得到充分利用。每个照顾新生儿的医疗机构都应实施有效的疼痛预防计划，该计划包括常规评估疼痛的策略、尽量减少进行的疼痛操作数量、有效使用药物和非药物疗法来预防与常规轻微操作相关的疼痛，以及消除与手术和其他重大操作相关的疼痛。
