Nowak Ireneusz, Robins Morris J
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-5700, USA.
J Org Chem. 2006 Nov 10;71(23):8876-83. doi: 10.1021/jo061606u.
Synthetic routes to 4'-(2,2-difluorospirocyclopropane) analogues of adenosine, cytidine, and uridine are described. Treatment of 2',3'-O-isopropylidene-4',5'-unsaturated compounds derived from adenosine and uridine with difluorocarbene (generated from PhHgCF3 and NaI) gave diastereomeric mixtures of the 2,2-difluorospirocyclopropane adducts. Stereoselectivity resulting from hindrance by the isopropylidene group favored addition at the beta face. Removal of base and sugar protecting groups gave new difluorospirocyclopropane nucleoside analogues. The protected uridine analogue was converted into its cytidine counterpart via a 4-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) intermediate. Stannyl radical-mediated deoxygenation of the 3'-O-TBS-2'-thionocarbamate derivatives gave the 2'-deoxy products of direct hydrogen transfer. In contrast, identical treatment of the 2'-O-TBS-3'-thionocarbamate isomers resulted in opening of the vicinal difluorocyclopropane ring upon generation of a C3' radical followed by homoallylic hydrogen transfer to give 4'-(1,1-difluoroethyl)-3',4'-unsaturated nucleoside derivatives. Structural aspects and biological effect considerations are discussed.
描述了腺苷、胞苷和尿苷的4'-(2,2-二氟螺环丙烷)类似物的合成路线。用二氟卡宾(由PhHgCF3和NaI生成)处理由腺苷和尿苷衍生的2',3'-O-异亚丙基-4',5'-不饱和化合物,得到2,2-二氟螺环丙烷加合物的非对映异构体混合物。异亚丙基基团的位阻导致的立体选择性有利于在β面加成。去除碱基和糖保护基得到新的二氟螺环丙烷核苷类似物。受保护的尿苷类似物通过4-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基)中间体转化为其胞苷对应物。3'-O-TBS-2'-硫代氨基甲酸酯衍生物的锡烷基自由基介导的脱氧反应得到直接氢转移的2'-脱氧产物。相比之下,对2'-O-TBS-3'-硫代氨基甲酸酯异构体进行相同处理,在生成C3'自由基后,邻位二氟环丙烷环打开,随后进行高烯丙基氢转移,得到4'-(1,1-二氟乙基)-3',4'-不饱和核苷衍生物。讨论了结构方面和生物学效应方面的考虑因素。