Singh Jitendra, Singh Dileep K
Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
J Environ Sci Health B. 2006;41(8):1305-18. doi: 10.1080/03601230600963938.
Impacts of diazinon (O,O-diethyl O-2-isopropyl-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl phosphorothioate), imidacloprid [1-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-N-nitroimidazolidin-2-ylideneamine] and lindane (1,2,3,4,5.6-hexachlorocyclohexane) treatments on ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite nitrogen and nitrate reductase enzyme activities were determined in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) field for three consecutive years (1997 to 1999). Diazinon was applied for both seed- and soil-treatments but imidacloprid and lindane were used for seed treatments only at recommended rates. Diazinon residues persisted for 60 days in both the cases. Average half-lives (t1/2) of diazinon were found 29.3 and 34.8 days respectively in seed and soil treatments. In diazinon seed treatment, NH4(+), NO3(-), and NO2(-) nitrogen and nitrate reductase activity were not affected. Whereas, diazinon soil treatment indicated significant increase in NH4(+)-N in a 1-day sample, which continued until 90 days. Some declines in NO3(-)N were found from 15 to 60 days. Along with this decline, significant increases in NO2(-)N and nitrate reductase activity were found between 1 and 30 days. Imidacloprid and lindane persisted for 90 and 120 days with average half-lives (t1/2) of 40.9 and 53.3 days, respectively. Within 90 days, imidacloprid residues lost by 73.17% to 82.49% while such losses for lindane residues were found 78.19% to 79.86 % within 120 days. In imidacloprid seed-treated field, stimulation of NO3(-)N and the decline in NH4+NO2(-)-N and nitrate reductase enzyme activity were observed between 15 to 90 days. However, lindane seed treatment indicated significant increases in NH4(+)-N, NO2(-)-N and nitrate reductase activity and some adverse effects on NO3(-)N between 15 and 90 days.
连续三年（1997年至1999年）在花生（落花生）田测定了二嗪农（O,O-二乙基-O-2-异丙基-6-甲基嘧啶-4-基硫代磷酸酯）、吡虫啉[1-(6-氯-3-吡啶基甲基)-N-硝基咪唑烷-2-亚基胺]和林丹（1,2,3,4,5,6-六氯环己烷）处理对铵态氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮以及硝酸还原酶活性的影响。二嗪农用于种子处理和土壤处理，但吡虫啉和林丹仅按推荐用量用于种子处理。两种情况下二嗪农残留均持续60天。在种子处理和土壤处理中，二嗪农的平均半衰期（t1/2）分别为29.3天和34.8天。在二嗪农种子处理中，铵根离子（NH4(+)）、硝酸根离子（NO3(-)）、亚硝酸根离子（NO2(-)）氮含量以及硝酸还原酶活性均未受影响。然而，二嗪农土壤处理表明，1天样本中的铵态氮（NH4(+)-N）显著增加，并持续至90天。在15至60天期间，硝态氮（NO3(-)N）有所下降。伴随这种下降，在1至30天期间，亚硝态氮（NO2(-)N）和硝酸还原酶活性显著增加。吡虫啉和林丹分别持续90天和120天，平均半衰期（t1/2）分别为40.9天和53.3天。在90天内，吡虫啉残留损失73.17%至82.49%，而林丹残留在120天内损失78.19%至79.86%。在吡虫啉种子处理田，在15至90天期间观察到硝态氮（NO3(-)N）增加，铵根离子+亚硝酸根离子（NH4+NO2(-)）-N和硝酸还原酶活性下降。然而，林丹种子处理表明，在15至90天期间，铵态氮（NH4(+)-N）、亚硝态氮（NO2(-)-N）和硝酸还原酶活性显著增加，并且对硝态氮（NO3(-)N）有一些不利影响。
