Johnson David W, Cornwell John B
Quest Consultants Inc., 908 26th Avenue NW, Norman, OK 73069, USA.
J Hazard Mater. 2007 Feb 20;140(3):535-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.10.022. Epub 2006 Oct 13.
Current interest in the shipment of liquefied natural gas (LNG) has renewed the debate about the safety of shipping large volumes of flammable fuels. The size of a spreading pool following a release of LNG from an LNG tank ship has been the subject of numerous papers and studies dating back to the mid-1970s. Several papers have presented idealized views of how the LNG would be released and spread across a quiescent water surface. There is a considerable amount of publicly available material describing these idealized releases, but little discussion of how other flammable fuels would behave if released from similar sized ships. The purpose of this paper is to determine whether the models currently available from the United States Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) can be used to simulate the release, spreading, vaporization, and pool fire impacts for materials other than LNG, and if so, identify which material-specific parameters are required. The review of the basic equations and principles in FERC's LNG release, spreading, and burning models did not reveal a critical fault that would prevent their use in evaluating the consequences of other flammable fluid releases. With the correct physical data, the models can be used with the same level of confidence for materials such as LPG and gasoline as they are for LNG.
当前对液化天然气（LNG）运输的关注再次引发了关于运输大量易燃燃料安全性的争论。自20世纪70年代中期以来，众多论文和研究都围绕着LNG从液化天然气运输船泄漏后形成的扩散池大小展开。有几篇论文呈现了LNG如何泄漏并在平静水面上扩散的理想化观点。有大量公开资料描述了这些理想化的泄漏情况，但对于其他易燃燃料从类似规模船舶泄漏后的行为却鲜有讨论。本文的目的是确定美国联邦能源管理委员会（FERC）目前提供的模型是否可用于模拟除LNG之外的其他物质的泄漏、扩散、汽化及池火影响，若可以，则确定需要哪些特定物质参数。对FERC的LNG泄漏、扩散及燃烧模型中的基本方程和原理进行审查后，未发现会妨碍其用于评估其他易燃流体泄漏后果的关键缺陷。有了正确的物理数据，这些模型用于评估LPG和汽油等物质时，可与评估LNG时一样具有同等可信度。
