Incidence and survival for testicular germ cell tumor in young males: a report from the Northern Region Young Person's Malignant Disease Registry, United Kingdom.

The incidence of testicular cancer has increased markedly in most developed countries, although the reasons for this are unclear. In this study, 253 patients with testicular cancer diagnosed younger than 25 years from 1968-1999 were identified from the Northern Region Young Persons' Malignant Disease Registry. The age-standardized incidence rate increased from 0.93 in 1968-1978 to 1.60 per 100,000 in 1990-1999. The increase in incidence was confined to those patients >15 years old, with the rate in younger children remaining very low. The 5-year survival increased significantly from 46% (95% confidence interval [CI] 33% to 58%) to 92% (95% CI 85% to 96%) during 1968-1999 and was significantly higher for seminoma than nonseminoma, 91% (95% CI 78% to 96%) and 77% (95% CI 70% to 82%), respectively. Although increased surveillance and public health campaigns designed to raise awareness of the disease and the advantages of self-examination should continue, further research is required into the etiology of this relatively common cancer among young males.